Electron gun. The electron gun includes a circular cathode. The circular cathode comprises a spherical surface. The electron gun further includes a focus electrode. The focus electrode has four quadrants. The focus electrode is disposed about the circular cathode. The focus electrode includes four primary focus angle points. At least two of the four, adjacent, primary focus angle points have different angle values. Each of the four primary focus angle points is in a different quadrant. Focus angles on the focus electrode between any two primary focus angle points vary from one primary focus angle point to another primary focus angle point.

Electron gun. The electron gun includes a circular cathode. The circular cathode comprises a spherical surface. The electron gun further includes a focus electrode. The focus electrode has four quadrants. The focus electrode is disposed about the circular cathode. The focus electrode includes four primary focus angle points. At least two of the four, adjacent, primary focus angle points have different angle values. Each of the four primary focus angle points is in a different quadrant. Focus angles on the focus electrode between any two primary focus angle points vary from one primary focus angle point to another primary focus angle point.

A high-frequency module can be used in communication satellites. The high-frequency module contains an electronic unit and a housing. The housing at least partially encloses the electronic unit, and the electronic unit is arranged at least partially in an interior space of the housing. An internal connector is arranged on the housing, which is coupled to the electronic unit such that electrical signals can be transmitted between the electronic unit and the internal connector. The internal connector is constructed integrally with at least a part of the housing. This allows a thermo-mechanical stress on the electronic unit to be reduced.

A high-frequency module can be used in communication satellites. The high-frequency module contains an electronic unit and a housing. The housing at least partially encloses the electronic unit, and the electronic unit is arranged at least partially in an interior space of the housing. An internal connector is arranged on the housing, which is coupled to the electronic unit such that electrical signals can be transmitted between the electronic unit and the internal connector. The internal connector is constructed integrally with at least a part of the housing. This allows a thermo-mechanical stress on the electronic unit to be reduced.

The objective of the invention is to provide a microwave tube, or the like, wherein gas adsorption action of a getter may be satisfactorily performed independently from a microwave amplification operation. In order to solve this problem, this microwave electron tube comprises: a helix wherein a microwave may progress oriented from an input section to an output section within a helical tube; an electron gun emitting an electron flow oriented toward the helix; a focusing device causing the electron flow to traverse the vicinity of the helix in the direction of a collector; the collector absorbing the electron flow; and a getter having a heater insulated from the cathode provided in the electron gun.

The objective of the invention is to provide a microwave tube, or the like, wherein gas adsorption action of a getter may be satisfactorily performed independently from a microwave amplification operation. In order to solve this problem, this microwave electron tube comprises: a helix wherein a microwave may progress oriented from an input section to an output section within a helical tube; an electron gun emitting an electron flow oriented toward the helix; a focusing device causing the electron flow to traverse the vicinity of the helix in the direction of a collector; the collector absorbing the electron flow; and a getter having a heater insulated from the cathode provided in the electron gun.

Vacuum electron devices (VEDs) having a plurality of two-dimensional layers of various materials are bonded together to form one or more VEDs simultaneously. The two-dimensional material layers are machined to include features needed for device operation so that when assembled and bonded into a three-dimensional structure, three-dimensional features are formed. The two-dimensional layers are bonded together into a sandwich-like structure. The manufacturing process enables incorporation of metallic, magnetic, ceramic materials, and other materials required for VED fabrication while maintaining required positional accuracy and multiple devices per batch capability.

To suppress both influence of electron emission from a cathode side surface and consumption of energy to be supplied to a heater, while being provided with a grid, an electron gun of the present invention includes: a cathode capable of emitting electrons by heating; a grid capable of controlling the electron emission; and a cathode shield which is an conductor including a material portion located in the vicinity of a side surface of the cathode and facing at least a portion of the side surface via a gap or a heat insulating material, and not being made in direct physical coupling nor in direct physical contact with the cathode.

Vacuum electron devices (VEDs) are produced having a plurality of two-dimensional layers of various materials that are bonded together to form one or more VEDs simultaneously. The two-dimensional material layers are machined to include features needed for device operation so that when assembled and bonded into a three-dimensional structure, three-dimensional features are formed. The two-dimensional layers are bonded together using brazing, diffusion bonding, assisted diffusion bonding, solid state bonding, cold welding, ultrasonic welding, and the like. The manufacturing process enables incorporation of metallic, magnetic, and ceramic materials required for VED fabrication while maintaining required positional accuracy and multiple devices per batch capability. The VEDs so produced include a combination of magnetic and electrostatic lenses for electron beam control.

Vacuum electron devices (VEDs) are produced having a plurality of two-dimensional layers of various materials that are bonded together to form one or more VEDs simultaneously. The two-dimensional material layers are machined to include features needed for device operation so that when assembled and bonded into a three-dimensional structure, three-dimensional features are formed. The two-dimensional layers are bonded together using brazing, diffusion bonding, assisted diffusion bonding, solid state bonding, cold welding, ultrasonic welding, and the like. The manufacturing process enables incorporation of metallic, magnetic, and ceramic materials required for VED fabrication while maintaining required positional accuracy and multiple devices per batch capability. The VEDs so produced include a combination of magnetic and electrostatic lenses for electron beam control.