Systems and methods for a stabilized evaporable getter for increased handleability is provided. In certain embodiments, a method includes preparing a first getter material, a second getter material, and a metal material. Additionally, the method includes mixing the first getter material, the second getter material, and the metal material into a mixed getter material. Further, the method includes placing the mixed getter material into a getter holder. Also, the heat-treating the getter holder at a temperature below an activation temperature for an exothermic reaction of the mixed getter material but above a melting temperature of the metal material.

In an embodiment, a system is provided that includes an electron gun, a focusing system, and a housing. The electron gun can include a cold cathode electron source and an extraction electrode. The focusing system can be configured to focus a beam of electrons extracted from the electron gun to a focal region. The housing can include the electron gun and extend along a housing axis in the direction of the electron beam. The cold cathode source is configured to emit electrons at a first operating pressure that is higher than a second operating pressure at the focal region of the electron beam.

In an embodiment, a system is provided that includes an electron gun, a focusing system, and a housing. The electron gun can include a cold cathode electron source and an extraction electrode. The focusing system can be configured to focus a beam of electrons extracted from the electron gun to a focal region. The housing can include the electron gun and extend along a housing axis in the direction of the electron beam. The cold cathode source is configured to emit electrons at a first operating pressure that is higher than a second operating pressure at the focal region of the electron beam.

According to some aspects, a cold cathode device is provided, the device comprising a substrate, a field electron emitter disposed upon the substrate and configured to emit electrons in a first direction, and a structure encapsulating the field electron emitter, thereby creating an airtight seal around the field electron emitter, at least a portion of the structure being an atomically thin membrane positioned in the first direction with respect to the field electron emitter. According to some embodiments, at least one einzel lens may be located within the structure and configured to direct electrons emitted by the field electron emitter.

According to some aspects, a cold cathode device is provided, the device comprising a substrate, a field electron emitter disposed upon the substrate and configured to emit electrons in a first direction, and a structure encapsulating the field electron emitter, thereby creating an airtight seal around the field electron emitter, at least a portion of the structure being an atomically thin membrane positioned in the first direction with respect to the field electron emitter. According to some embodiments, at least one einzel lens may be located within the structure and configured to direct electrons emitted by the field electron emitter.

A heatable element is configured to apply sufficient energy density to contaminants in an internal ambient atmosphere with in a sealable housing to drive a reaction that inactivates the contaminants.

A heatable element is configured to apply sufficient energy density to contaminants in an internal ambient atmosphere with in a sealable housing to drive a reaction that inactivates the contaminants.

There is provided a pipe in a solar thermal power plant. The pipe includes an inner tube configured for carrying a heated heat transfer fluid, an outer tube surrounding the inner tube, wherein the space between the inner and outer tube is evacuated, and a getter restraint structure configured for maintaining getters in a predetermined position. The getter restraint structure is in contact with the outer tube and otherwise entirely free of contact with the inner tube and/or is in thermal isolation from the inner tube.

There is provided a pipe in a solar thermal power plant. The pipe includes an inner tube configured for carrying a heated heat transfer fluid, an outer tube surrounding the inner tube, wherein the space between the inner and outer tube is evacuated, and a getter restraint structure configured for maintaining getters in a predetermined position. The getter restraint structure is in contact with the outer tube and otherwise entirely free of contact with the inner tube and/or is in thermal isolation from the inner tube.

Systems and methods for a stabilized evaporable getter for increased handleability is provided. In certain embodiments, a method includes preparing a first getter material, a second getter material, and a metal material. Additionally, the method includes mixing the first getter material, the second getter material, and the metal material into a mixed getter material. Further, the method includes placing the mixed getter material into a getter holder. Also, the heat-treating the getter holder at a temperature below an activation temperature for an exothermic reaction of the mixed getter material but above a melting temperature of the metal material.