A device for generating a source current of charge carriers by a field emission and a method stabilizing a source current of charge carriers emitted by a field emission element are disclosed. In an embodiment the device includes at least one field emission element from which the charge carriers emerge during operation, which lead to an emission current in the field emission element, at least one extraction electrode in order to extract the charge carriers from the field emission element, wherein a first part of the extracted charge carriers contributes to the source current, and a second part of the extracted charge carriers impinges on the extraction electrode and leads to an extraction current in the extraction electrode, an additional electrode on which the source current of charge carriers impinges at least in part and which contributes to an electrode current in the additional electrode.

An apparatus for coupling to an input connection of an electron gun, the input connection having a heater terminal and a cathode terminal, includes: a connector having a first end and a second end; wherein the first end of the connector is configured to attach to a cable; wherein the second end of the connector is configured to connect to the input connection of the electron gun; and wherein the connector comprises an opening configured to receive the heater terminal of the input connection of the electron gun.

An apparatus for coupling to an input connection of an electron gun, the input connection having a heater terminal and a cathode terminal, includes: a connector having a first end and a second end; wherein the first end of the connector is configured to attach to a cable; wherein the second end of the connector is configured to connect to the input connection of the electron gun; and wherein the connector comprises an opening configured to receive the heater terminal of the input connection of the electron gun.

Aspects of the present disclosure describe an atomic oven including a cathode, an anode that comprises a source material, and a power supply that provides a voltage between the cathode and the anode, wherein applying the voltage causes multiple electrons from the cathode to ablate the source material from the anode or locally heat the anode to cause source material to evaporate from the anode and, in both case, to produce a stream of ablated or evaporated particles that passes through an opening in the cathode.

Aspects of the present disclosure describe an atomic oven including a cathode, an anode that comprises a source material, and a power supply that provides a voltage between the cathode and the anode, wherein applying the voltage causes multiple electrons from the cathode to ablate the source material from the anode or locally heat the anode to cause source material to evaporate from the anode and, in both case, to produce a stream of ablated or evaporated particles that passes through an opening in the cathode.

An apparatus for coupling to an input connection of an electron gun, the input connection having a heater terminal and a cathode terminal, includes: a connector having a first end and a second end; wherein the first end of the connector is configured to attach to a cable; wherein the second end of the connector is configured to connect to the input connection of the electron gun; and wherein the connector comprises an opening configured to receive the heater terminal of the input connection of the electron gun.

An apparatus for coupling to an input connection of an electron gun, the input connection having a heater terminal and a cathode terminal, includes: a connector having a first end and a second end; wherein the first end of the connector is configured to attach to a cable; wherein the second end of the connector is configured to connect to the input connection of the electron gun; and wherein the connector comprises an opening configured to receive the heater terminal of the input connection of the electron gun.

An apparatus for attachment to a component of a microwave device, includes: a cage; a shield within the cage, wherein the shield is in a form of a container, at least a majority of the shield spaced away from an interior wall of the cage; and a connector at the cage, wherein the connector is configured to connect to a cable connection, and wherein the connector is electrically connected to two terminals within the shield. An apparatus for coupling to an input connection of an electron gun, the input connection having a heater terminal and a cathode terminal, the apparatus comprising: a connector having a first configured to attach to a cable, and a second end configured to connect to the input connection of the electron gun; and wherein the connector comprises an opening configured to receive the heater terminal of the input connection of the electron gun.

An apparatus for attachment to a component of a microwave device, includes: a cage; a shield within the cage, wherein the shield is in a form of a container, at least a majority of the shield spaced away from an interior wall of the cage; and a connector at the cage, wherein the connector is configured to connect to a cable connection, and wherein the connector is electrically connected to two terminals within the shield. An apparatus for coupling to an input connection of an electron gun, the input connection having a heater terminal and a cathode terminal, the apparatus comprising: a connector having a first configured to attach to a cable, and a second end configured to connect to the input connection of the electron gun; and wherein the connector comprises an opening configured to receive the heater terminal of the input connection of the electron gun.

An image sensor has a photocathode window assembly, an anode assembly, and a malleable metal seal. The photocathode window assembly has a photocathode layer. The anode assembly includes a silicon substrate that has an electron sensitive surface. The malleable metal seal bonds the photocathode window assembly and the silicon substrate to each other. A vacuum gap separates the photocathode layer from the electron sensitive surface. A first electrical connection and a second electrical connection are for a voltage bias of the photocathode layer relative to the electron sensitive surface.