A high dose output, through transmission target X-ray tube and methods of use includes, in general an X-ray tube for accelerating electrons under a high voltage potential having an evacuated high voltage housing, a hemispherical shaped through transmission target anode disposed in said housing, a cathode structure to deflect the electrons toward the hemispherical anode disposed in said housing, a filament located in the geometric center of the anode hemisphere disposed in said housing, a power supply connected to said cathode to provide accelerating voltage to the electrons.

Methods and means for reduced ng the overall diameter of an x-ray tube by recessing the vacuum pumping port stub within the ground plane of the x-ray tube without adversely affecting the electrostatic fields within the vacuum tube itself are provided. In one embodiment, x-ray tubes of smaller diameter, which can be used within the highly confined diameters typically found within the pressure housings of borehole tools are used.

Methods and means for reduced ng the overall diameter of an x-ray tube by recessing the vacuum pumping port stub within the ground plane of the x-ray tube without adversely affecting the electrostatic fields within the vacuum tube itself are provided. In one embodiment, x-ray tubes of smaller diameter, which can be used within the highly confined diameters typically found within the pressure housings of borehole tools are used.

A target for an x-ray tube can emit x-rays in response to impinging electrons. Some electrons rebound without interacting atomically to form x-rays. Problems of these non-interacting electrons include reduced x-ray flux, charging electrically-insulative components of the x-ray tube, and misdirecting the electron beam. The target can include an array of holes, an array of posts, or both. The holes/posts can increase electron interaction with material of the target. Consequently, a higher percentage of impinging electrons can form x-rays. The holes/posts can also allow the target to effectively generate x-rays of different energies by providing a target with multiple thicknesses. X-rays can be generated in thicker regions of the target with the x-ray tube operated at a larger voltage. X-rays can be generated in thinner regions of the target with the x-ray tube operated at a smaller voltage.

Provided is a miniaturized X-ray tube including an extractor and provides a miniaturized X-ray tube including a filament that emit electrons if a voltage is applied, a base having two filament through-holes for fixing the filament and for connecting power to both electrodes of the filament, a cylindrical extractor in close contact with the base and surrounding the filament without being in contact with the filament, a cutoff voltage providing unit configured to apply a cutoff voltage between one electrode of the extractor and one electrode of the filament, a body that is formed of a ceramic material, surrounds the extractor, and includes one end in close contact with the base, and a target that is connected to the other end of the body, receives the electrons emitted from the filament, and emits X-rays.

Methods and means for reduced ng the overall diameter of an x-ray tube by recessing the vacuum pumping port stub within the ground plane of the x-ray tube without adversely affecting the electrostatic fields within the vacuum tube itself are provided. In one embodiment, x-ray tubes of smaller diameter, which can be used within the highly confined diameters typically found within the pressure housings of borehole tools are used.

Methods and means for reduced ng the overall diameter of an x-ray tube by recessing the vacuum pumping port stub within the ground plane of the x-ray tube without adversely affecting the electrostatic fields within the vacuum tube itself are provided. In one embodiment, x-ray tubes of smaller diameter, which can be used within the highly confined diameters typically found within the pressure housings of borehole tools are used.

A high dose output, through transmission and reflective target x-ray tube and methods of use includes, in general an x-ray tube for accelerating electrons under a high voltage potential having an evacuated high voltage housing, a hemispherical shaped through and reflective transmission target anode disposed in said housing, a cathode structure to deflect the electrons toward the hemispherical anode disposed in said housing, a filament located in the geometric center of the anode hemisphere disposed in said housing, a power supply connected to said cathode to provide accelerating voltage to the electrons.

A high dose output, through transmission and reflective target x-ray tube and methods of use includes, in general an x-ray tube for accelerating electrons under a high voltage potential having an evacuated high voltage housing, a hemispherical shaped through and reflective transmission target anode disposed in said housing, a cathode structure to deflect the electrons toward the hemispherical anode disposed in said housing, a filament located in the geometric center of the anode hemisphere disposed in said housing, a power supply connected to said cathode to provide accelerating voltage to the electrons.

The present disclosure provides an X-ray tube device and a spring pin for an X-ray tube device. In an embodiment, the X-ray tube device includes: an outer cylinder assembly having an anode end and a cathode end, an anode end cap assembly provided at the anode end of the outer cylinder assembly and including an X-ray tube, a cathode end cap assembly provided at the cathode end of the outer cylinder assembly and including a high voltage receptacle for an external power supply, and a spring pin connection assembly provided in the outer cylinder assembly and connecting a filament lead of the X-ray tube to the high voltage receptacle.