A radiation detection assembly that includes an ionization chamber having a cathode and an anode. The ionization chamber detects radiation that passes into the ionization chamber. The assembly includes an exterior enclosure defining a hollow internal volume within which the ionization chamber is enclosed. The exterior enclosure includes at least two layers. At least one of the layers provides an electromagnetic shield to the hollow internal volume and the ionization chamber enclosed therein.

A radiation detection assembly that includes an ionization chamber having a cathode and an anode. The ionization chamber detects radiation that passes into the ionization chamber. The assembly includes an exterior enclosure defining a hollow internal volume within which the ionization chamber is enclosed. The exterior enclosure includes at least two layers. At least one of the layers provides an electromagnetic shield to the hollow internal volume and the ionization chamber enclosed therein.

A particle beam detector system can comprise a particle beam generator, a particle beam fluence and position detector array based on Micromegas technology, and data readout electronics coupled to the position detector array. The particle beam fluence and position detector array can comprise a sealed, gas-filled, ionizing radiation detector chamber. A printed circuit board (PCB) can be disposed within the ionizing radiation detector chamber, the PCB comprising a multi-layer array arrangement of interconnected conductive sensor pads comprising three planar coordinate grids, X, Y, and ST (stereo) situated on separate layers of the PCB. The multi-layer array arrangement of interconnected conductive sensor pads can comprise a first footprint. A dielectric lattice structure can be disposed over the PCB and the multi-layer array arrangement of sensors. A conductive mesh structure can comprise a second footprint disposed over the dielectric lattice structure and extending over an entire area of the first footprint.

A muon tracker includes a drift tube detector having a plurality of drift tube arrays, a detection time-difference calculation circuit configured to calculate a detected time-difference between a plurality of time data detected at least two of the drift tubes, a time-difference information database that stores a relationship between a plurality of predetermined tracks of the muon passing the drift tube detector and a predetermined time-difference of possible detected time data to be detected at least two of the drift tubes where each of the plurality of predetermined tracks passes, a time-difference referring circuit configured to refer the detected time-difference calculated at the detection time-difference calculation circuit with the predetermined time-difference stored in the time-difference information database, and a muon track determining circuit configured to determine a muon track as the predetermined track of the muon corresponding to the predetermined time-difference that matches the best with the detected time-difference.

An ion filter used for an electron multiplier includes an insulating substrate; a first conductive layer formed on one main surface of the substrate; and a second conductive layer formed on another main surface of the substrate. The ion filter has a plurality of through-holes formed along a thickness direction of the substrate. The one main surface of the substrate is disposed at a downstream side in a moving direction of electrons in a chamber of the electron multiplier and the other main surface of the substrate is disposed at an upstream side in the moving direction of electrons in the chamber of the electron multiplier. A first thickness of the first conductive layer formed on the one main surface of the substrate is thicker than a second thickness of the second conductive layer on the other main surface of the substrate.

A photomultiplier includes a housing including a proximal end and a distal end, an optical window disposed at the proximal end of the housing, an end-wall plate disposed at the distal end of the housing, a feedthrough that penetrates through the end-wall plate, and a gas electron multiplier (GEM) board disposed between the optical window and the end-wall plate.

A system for detecting a position of an ionizing radiation. The system includes a radiation detector including a plurality of cathode films, a plurality of anode strips sets, a plurality of insulator films, a conductive grid, and a drift region. Each set of the plurality of anode strips sets is disposed between a respective pair of adjacent cathode films of the plurality of cathode films. Each of the plurality of insulator films is disposed between a respective cathode film of the plurality of cathode films and a respective set of the plurality of anode strips sets. The conductive grid is disposed in parallel with the detection plane and exposed to the ionizing radiation. A drift region includes a region between the conductive grid and the detection plane. The radiation detector is configured to ionize a gas by generating an electric field inside the drift region.

A system for detecting a position of an ionizing radiation. The system includes a radiation detector including a plurality of cathode films, a plurality of anode strips sets, a plurality of insulator films, a conductive grid, and a drift region. Each set of the plurality of anode strips sets is disposed between a respective pair of adjacent cathode films of the plurality of cathode films. Each of the plurality of insulator films is disposed between a respective cathode film of the plurality of cathode films and a respective set of the plurality of anode strips sets. The conductive grid is disposed in parallel with the detection plane and exposed to the ionizing radiation. A drift region includes a region between the conductive grid and the detection plane. The radiation detector is configured to ionize a gas by generating an electric field inside the drift region.

An apparatus includes an ion chamber and a valve assembly. The ion chamber may include a housing enclosing a gas and one or more electrodes. The valve assembly is coupled to the ion chamber allowing control of replacement of the gas within the housing.

A muon detector includes: a chamber having a maximum cross-sectional dimension of 30 cm or less; a gas sealed inside the chamber ionized by the passage of atmospheric muons to form ions in the chamber; a cathode in the chamber at a first position; an anode in the chamber displaced from the first position, the anode including a mesh of wires; a micropattern gaseous detector arranged between the cathode and the anode and proximate to the anode and configured to receive the ions formed in the chamber between the anode and the cathode and generate electrons in response to each ion sufficient to generate a current in one or more of the mesh wires of the anode; and readout electronics in electrical communication with the anode to detect signals in response to the current generated in the mesh wires.