Systems and methods are described for reducing lab-to-lab and/or instrument-to-instrument variability of Multi-Attribute Methods (MAM) analyses via run-time signal intensity calibration. In various aspects, multiple MAM-based instruments each have detectors and different instrument conditions defined by different instrument models or sets of settings. Each MAM-based instrument receives respective samples and a reference standard as a calibrant. Each MAM-based instrument detects, via its detector, sample isoforms of its respective sample and reference standard isoforms of the reference standard. The MAM-based instruments are associated with processor(s) that determine, via respective MAM iterations, correction factors and sample abundance values corresponding to the sample isoforms. The correction factors are based on the reference standard, and the sample abundance values are based on the correction factors. A variance value of the sample abundance values may be reduced based on correction factors of each of the MAM-based instruments.

An analytical device includes: a first acceleration unit including a first acceleration electrode to which a pulse voltage for accelerating ions is applied; a flight tube; a second acceleration unit that is arranged between the first acceleration unit and the flight tube, and includes a second acceleration electrode to which a voltage for accelerating the ions is applied; an ion detector that detects the ions; and a capacitance adjustment unit that causes adjustment of a capacitance between at least one set of electrodes among a plurality of electrodes arranged in the first acceleration unit, the second acceleration unit, and a flight tube.

The disclosure relates to a method which is suitable for the quality control and signal correction of mass spectrometry data of biological tissue samples and is based on the analysis of the chemical background signal observed in a spectrum. It exploits the fact that the chemical background signal contains components from a plurality of polymer molecules, whose chemical structure has strong regularities. These regularities mean that the observed masses are subject to certain statistical distributions, which are each characteristic of the class of molecule. By analyzing these statistical properties, it is possible to detect and correct any mass shifts which may be present.

An analytical device includes: a first electrode to which a pulse voltage for accelerating ions is applied; at least one switching element that controls application of the pulse voltage to the first electrode; a second electrode that defines a space in which the ions fly; an ion detector that detects the ions; and a vacuum vessel that has the second electrode inside, wherein: the switching element is in contact with an insulator, and the insulator is in contact with the vacuum vessel.

An analytical device includes: a mass spectrometry unit that separates ions based on flight time and detects the ions having been separated; an analysis unit that creates data corresponding to a spectrum in which an intensity of the ions having been detected and the flight time or m/z corresponding to the flight time are associated; a peak width calculation unit that calculates a first peak width at a first intensity and a second peak width at a second intensity different from the first intensity for at least one peak in the spectrum; and an adjustment unit that performs an adjustment of the mass spectrometry unit based on the first peak width and the second peak width.

Calibrants and methods of making the same include using mixtures of multifunctional core compounds or multifunctional dendrimers that are functionalized to yield a set of discrete compounds which cover a range of collisional cross sections (CCSs) for calibrating ion mobility and variation in molecular weight to calibrate the mass to charge (m/z) measurements of mass spectrometry, as well as for calibrating tandem instruments that measure both dimensions. Methods of using the calibrants are also disclosed, such as in mass spectrometry.

A CDMS may include an ion source to generate ions from a sample, a mass spectrometer to separate the generated ions as a function of ion mass-to-charge ratio, an electrostatic linear ion trap (ELIT) having a charge detection cylinder disposed between first and second ion mirrors, wherein ions exiting the mass spectrometer are supplied to the ELIT, a charge generator for generating free charges, a field free region between the charge generator and the charge detection cylinder, and a processor configured to control the charge generator, with no ions in the charge detection cylinder, to generate a target number of free charges and cause the target number of free charges to travel across the field-free region and into contact with the charge detection cylinder to deposit the target number of free charges thereon and thereby calibrate or reset the charge detection cylinder to a corresponding target charge level.

Methods for confirming charged-particle generation in an instrument are provided. A method to confirm charged-particle generation in an instrument includes providing electrical connections to a charged-particle optics system of the instrument while the charged-particle optics system is in a chamber. The method includes coupling an electrical component having an impedance to charged-particle current generated in the chamber. Moreover, the method includes measuring an electrical response by the electrical component to the charged-particle current. Related instruments are also provided.

A method for determining proper functioning of an analytic system includes: a) measuring a control composition with an analytic system, the functioning of which is to be determined, to obtain a control result; b) analyzing the control result for predefined test criteria; and c) determining the functioning of the analytic system based on the analysis of step b). The control result includes signals distributed over a whole result space that equals a result space of the analytic system resulting from a measurement of a sample on the analytic system.

An apparatus configured to produce an image charge/current signal representative of trapped ions undergoing oscillatory motion. The apparatus includes: an electrostatic ion trap configured to trap ions such that the trapped ions undergo oscillatory motion in the electrostatic ion trap; an image charge/current detector configured to obtain an image charge/current signal representative of trapped ions undergoing oscillatory motion in the electrostatic ion trap, wherein the electrostatic ion trap configured to trap ions such that the image charge/current signal in the time domain repeats, for ions of a given mass/charge ratio m, at a frequency f.sub.sig(m) [Hz] with a signal period T.sub.sig(m) [s]. The image charge/current detector includes one or more pickup electrodes configured to obtain the image charge/current signal. The one or more pickup electrodes are arranged to detect two signal pulses caused by ions having the given mass/charge ratio m within each signal period T.sub.sig(m). The one or more pickup electrodes are further arranged such that the time separation t.sub.sep(m) between the two signal pulses caused by ions having the given mass/charge ratio m within each signal period T.sub.sig(m) is approximately equal to 2p+1/2.n.f.sub.sig(m) so as to suppress a predetermined nth harmonic within the image charge/current signal, where n is an integer that is 1 or more, and where p is an integer that is 0 or more.