A method for analyzing charged particles may include generating, in or into an ion source region, charged particles from a sample of particles, causing the charged particles to enter a mass spectrometer from the ion source region at each of a plurality of differing physical and/or chemical conditions in a range of physical and/or chemical conditions in which the sample particles undergo structural changes, controlling the mass spectrometer to measure at least the charge magnitudes of the generated charged particles at each of the plurality of differing physical and/or chemical conditions, determining, with a processor, an average charge magnitude of the generated charged particles at each of the plurality of differing physical and/or chemical conditions based on the measured charge magnitudes, and determining, with the processor, an average charge magnitude profile over the range of physical and/or chemical conditions based on the determined average charge magnitudes.

Methods and systems for improved sample detection in mass spectroscopy are generally described. These are particularly useful, for example, for identifying a protein, a part of a protein, or a peptide when present in a low amount. In some embodiments, these can be useful to allow high-throughput proteomics studies for many samples, e.g., in series or in tandem. For example, certain embodiments are directed to novel approaches for identification of samples at the MS 1 level. In some cases, these improvements can be realized due to improvements in mass spectrometry instrumentation to better than the 1 ppm level for m/z measurements. Examples of improvements include, but are not limited to, improving internal mass standards, super-resolution peak fitting, isotopic labelling, Edman degradation and/or chromatography for proteins or peptides, and/or machine learning to predict peptide behavior, e.g., when exposed to such improvements.

A chromatograph mass spectrometer includes: a chromatograph unit configured to separate components in a sample; a mass spectrometer configured to perform measurement on ions having a specific mass-to-charge ratio derived from each compound temporally separated by the chromatograph unit, an analysis condition setting unit configured to allow a user to set, as an analysis condition, molecular-weight-related information and a mass-spectrometry-related parameter including an ion polarity, a type of an adduct, a number of polymerizations of a multimer and/or an ion valence for each measurement target compound; and an analysis method creator configured to calculate a mass-to-charge ratio of one or a plurality of types of ions according to the analysis condition set by the analysis condition setting unit for the each measurement target compound, and create an analysis method for performing mass spectrometry on the one or a plurality of types of ions in a time division manner.

A mass spectrometer includes an ionization unit, a mass separation unit, a detection unit, a first measurement control unit configured to control the ionization unit to repeatedly execute a first measurement on a target sample while changing values of a plurality of parameters defined as device parameters, a second measurement control unit configured to control the ionization unit to set a value of each of the plurality of parameters to a predetermined reference value and execute a second measurement on the target sample at two or more time points before, after, or in a middle of repetition of the first measurement, a correction processing unit configured to correct results of the first measurements using results of the second measurements, and a device parameter-related information acquisition unit configured to determine the plurality of parameters using the corrected measurement results or acquire reference information for determining the plurality of parameters.

A system comprises: first and second mass spectrometers; at least one liquid chromatograph configured to simultaneously supply a first stream of chromatographic eluate derived from a sample to the first mass spectrometer and a second stream of chromatographic eluate to the second mass spectrometer; and a computer or electronic controller electronically coupled to both of the first and second mass spectrometers and comprising computer-readable instructions operable to: input a mass spectrometric analysis of a chromatographic fraction of the sample obtained by the first mass spectrometer; determine whether an additional mass spectrometric analysis of the chromatographic fraction of the sample is required, based on the mass spectrometric analysis of the chromatographic fraction obtained by the first mass spectrometer; and, if the determination is affirmative, cause the second mass spectrometer to perform, after a time delay, the additional mass spectrometric analysis of the chromatographic fraction of the sample.

Methods are described for measuring the amount of a vitamin B2 in a sample. More specifically, mass spectrometric methods are described for detecting and quantifying vitamin B2 in a sample utilizing on-line extraction methods coupled with tandem mass spectrometric techniques.

The present disclosure discloses a method and a system for determining an energy spectrum of an incident electron beam. The method includes obtaining a plurality of deflection currents of a beam deflection device; for each of the plurality of deflection currents, determining an energy range of an ejected electron beam, and determining a target current of a target generated by the ejected electron beam irradiating the target, wherein the ejected electron beam is emitted from an output of the beam deflection device after the incident electron beam enters the beam deflection device. The method also includes determining the energy spectrum of the incident electron beam based on the energy ranges of the plurality of ejected electron beams and the corresponding target currents.

Methods are described for measuring the amount of a vitamin B2 in a sample. More specifically, mass spectrometric methods are described for detecting and quantifying vitamin B2 in a sample utilizing on-line extraction methods coupled with tandem mass spectrometric techniques.

A system and method for providing fertilizer for crop production in an aqueous solution comprising nano-sized fertilizer particles, which are free of any chemical side chain and free any micelle to protect the nano-sized particle from re-agglomeration, suspended therein for improved uptake by the population of the crop.

The invention generally relates to a sample dispenser including an internal standard and methods of use thereof.