An infrared-ray lamp tube has; an elongate tube-shaped housing having an inner space defined therein, wherein the elongate tube-shaped housing have both side open ends; an infrared-ray emitting array disposed in the inner space, wherein an infrared-ray emitting array includes a plurality of halogen lamp units spacedly arranged in an array in the inner space in a length direction of the housing; two plugs respectively fitted into the both side open ends of the elongate tube-shaped housing; and a filtering liquid filling the inner space of the elongate tube-shaped housing.

A field winding synchronous machine drive system includes a field winding synchronous machine having a stator and a rotor and a drive apparatus configured to drive the field winding synchronous machine. The stator has N m-phase stator coils wound on a stator core to create a rotating magnetic field, where N is an integer not less than 2 and m is an integer not less than 3. The rotor has at least one main field winding wound on a rotor core to create field magnetic flux. The drive apparatus includes N inverters each of which supplies m-phase alternating current to a corresponding one of the N m-phase stator coils. Specifically, each of the inverters supplies the corresponding m-phase stator coil with the m-phase alternating current which includes a fundamental-wave current and a time-harmonic current superimposed on the fundamental-wave current; the time-harmonic current has a shorter period than the fundamental-wave current.

In some examples, an infrared emitter is provided with a heating layer sandwiched by top and bottom optical layers that allow only narrow-band infrared light to pass through. A reflective layer may be further provided below the bottom optical layers. This configuration greatly reduces the energy loss and can be manufactured with simple method and low cost.

In some examples, an infrared emitter is provided with a heating layer sandwiched by top and bottom optical layers that allow only narrow-band infrared light to pass through. A reflective layer may be further provided below the bottom optical layers. This configuration greatly reduces the energy loss and can be manufactured with simple method and low cost.

A lamp has a light emitting element within a sealed transparent vessel. The vessel comprises a cylindrical section with a longitudinal axis L in parallel to a longitudinal axis F of the light emitting element. In order to provide a lamp suited for compact reflectors, a heat shielding element is arranged to shield at least infrared light. The heat shielding element is arranged in parallel to the longitudinal axis F of the light emitting element and has an axial extension of at least 80% of the light emitting element. The heat shielding element is arranged to shield infrared light emitted into directions perpendicular to the longitudinal axis F covering a circumferential extension of 20-120 measured in cross section.

A lamp has a light emitting element within a sealed transparent vessel. The vessel comprises a cylindrical section with a longitudinal axis L in parallel to a longitudinal axis F of the light emitting element. In order to provide a lamp suited for compact reflectors, a heat shielding element is arranged to shield at least infrared light. The heat shielding element is arranged in parallel to the longitudinal axis F of the light emitting element and has an axial extension of at least 80% of the light emitting element. The heat shielding element is arranged to shield infrared light emitted into directions perpendicular to the longitudinal axis F covering a circumferential extension of 20-120 measured in cross section.

The invention refers to a dimming cap for a lamp with two separate radiation sources and, in particular, for a two-filament incandescent lamp, which has a concave shape with a base surface from which a circumferential side wall extends at least to a height H.sub.0 above the base surface, wherein the dimming cap, in a cross section formed at a height H.sub.0 parallel to the base surface, has a width (w.sub.0) that is constant within a tolerance of 0.1 mm over a first longitudinal section of the dimming cap, and which decreases over a second longitudinal section extending from the first longitudinal section to a first end of the dimming cap, and the height of the sidewall corresponds within a tolerance of 0.1 mm over the first longitudinal section to the constant height H.sub.0, wherein it increases over the second longitudinal section, wherein the first longitudinal section is between 70% and 98% of the length of the dimming cap in the cross-section formed at the height H.sub.0. The invention further refers to a lamp with such a dimming cap.

A high efficiency incandescent light bulb includes a filament both electrically and optically heated to visibly incandesce. The filament is enclosed in a visibly transmissive, IR reflective filter, with a high view factor, as to maximize recycling of IR wavelengths. The filter is formed on two clamshell segments.

A high efficiency incandescent light bulb includes a filament both electrically and optically heated to visibly incandesce. The filament is enclosed in a visibly transmissive, IR reflective filter, with a high view factor, as to maximize recycling of IR wavelengths. The filter is formed on two clamshell segments.

Embodiments of the disclosure provided herein include an apparatus and method for lamp heating in process chambers used to process semiconductor substrates. The apparatus includes a lamp for use in a processing chamber, the lamp having a lamp envelope with an interior volume, a first end of the lamp envelope coupled to a base, a second end of the lamp envelope opposing the first end, a filament disposed within the interior volume, and a radiation shield proximate to the second end. In another embodiment, the lamp assembly has at least one lamp, the at least one lamp having a lamp envelope having an interior volume, a first end of the lamp envelope coupled to a base, a second end of the lamp envelope opposing the first end, a filament disposed within the interior volume, and a radiation shield proximate to the second end.