A tungsten-halogen electromagnetic radiation source has a sealed transparent aluminum oxynitride envelope defining an interior volume. At least one optical element is integrally formed into the aluminum oxynitride envelope. A tungsten filament is located in the aluminum oxynitride envelope. A fill gas in the interior volume contains at least a gaseous halogen compound.

A tungsten-halogen electromagnetic radiation source has a sealed transparent aluminum oxynitride envelope defining an interior volume. At least one optical element is integrally formed into the aluminum oxynitride envelope. A tungsten filament is located in the aluminum oxynitride envelope. A fill gas in the interior volume contains at least a gaseous halogen compound.

A low pressure mercury gas discharge ultraviolet lamp with a tubular elongate body with two opposing ends, a first end and a second end, which contains a gas filling, and with at least two electric connectors at each end, which are electrically connected to at least one filament being provided at each end. A discharge length is defined between the filaments, in which at least two filaments are provided at each end of the discharge length. The filaments can be individually supplied with electric energy. The at least two filaments at the first end are of different size and different mass, and the at least two filaments at the second end are of different size and different mass.

A low pressure mercury gas discharge ultraviolet lamp with a tubular elongate body with two opposing ends, a first end and a second end, which contains a gas filling, and with at least two electric connectors at each end, which are electrically connected to at least one filament being provided at each end. A discharge length is defined between the filaments, in which at least two filaments are provided at each end of the discharge length. The filaments can be individually supplied with electric energy. The at least two filaments at the first end are of different size and different mass, and the at least two filaments at the second end are of different size and different mass.

Disclosed herein is a filament bulb with uniform luminance, which decreases the dark area at the top portion of the filament bulb and increases the luminance efficiency, and includes the following components, a bulb casing, a filament unit, a reflector ring, a driver, and a bulb cap. The bulb casing is connected with the bulb cap, and together, the two define an interior space. The driver is disposed in the bulb cap, whereas the filament unit is disposed within the interior space and the bottom of the filament unit is electrically connected with the driver. The reflector ring surrounds the exterior of the bottom of the filament unit, and is configured to reflect the light emitted from the filament unit to decrease the dark area at the top portion of the filament bulb.

A high efficiency incandescent light bulb includes a filament both electrically and optically heated to visibly incandesce. The filament is enclosed in a visibly transmissive, IR reflective filter, with a high view factor, as to maximize recycling of IR wavelengths. The filter is formed on two clamshell segments.

A high efficiency incandescent light bulb includes a filament both electrically and optically heated to visibly incandesce. The filament is enclosed in a visibly transmissive, IR reflective filter, with a high view factor, as to maximize recycling of IR wavelengths. The filter is formed on two clamshell segments.

An incandescent lamp is provided which prevents disconnection of a coupling part between a filament and a lead wire and also which improves impact resistance. A lead wire 4 has, in a standing portion 11 inside of a bulb 2, a first zone 19a to a third zone 19c in order from a top. The third zone 19c further penetrates through a pinch seal part 3 while firmly fixed thereto. The first zone 19a and the second zone 19b are formed of materials consisting primarily of molybdenum and nickel, respectively. The third zone 19c is formed of a Dumet wire 29.

An incandescent lamp is provided which prevents disconnection of a coupling part between a filament and a lead wire and also which improves impact resistance. A lead wire 4 has, in a standing portion 11 inside of a bulb 2, a first zone 19a to a third zone 19c in order from a top. The third zone 19c further penetrates through a pinch seal part 3 while firmly fixed thereto. The first zone 19a and the second zone 19b are formed of materials consisting primarily of molybdenum and nickel, respectively. The third zone 19c is formed of a Dumet wire 29.

The invention relates to a light emitting device (2) for retrofitting a fluorescent lamp comprising two sets of connecting pins (21, 23, 21, 23) for connecting the light emitting system (1) to a lighting fixture, one first (611) and one second (613) filament unit, encapsulated in a bulb and fed through it, electrically coupled to the connecting pins (611, 613) and a solid state light source connected between the filament units.