A carrying method of carrying a substrate with a substrate holder, including: holding a part of the substrate located above the substrate holder using holding pads; controlling and driving downward the holding pads holding the substrate so that the substrate is supported on the support surface of the substrate holder, when releasing the hold of an other part of the substrate by a substrate carry-in hand that holds the other part of the substrate located above the substrate holder. Accordingly, the substrate carriage to the substrate holder can be swiftly performed.

A carrying method of carrying a substrate with a substrate holder, including: holding a part of the substrate located above the substrate holder using holding pads; controlling and driving downward the holding pads holding the substrate so that the substrate is supported on the support surface of the substrate holder, when releasing the hold of an other part of the substrate by a substrate carry-in hand that holds the other part of the substrate located above the substrate holder. Accordingly, the substrate carriage to the substrate holder can be swiftly performed.

A light-emitting device is disclosed, including: a substrate; a light-emitting diode (LED) formed on a first surface of the substrate, the LED being arranged to emit primary light; a fence disposed on a second surface of the substrate, the fence including a plurality of walls arranged to define a cell; a light-converting structure disposed in the cell, the light-converting structure being arranged to convert at least a portion of the primary light to secondary light having a wavelength that is different from the wavelength of the primary light; and a reflective element formed on one or more outer surfaces of the walls of the fence, such that the reflective element and the light-converting structure are disposed on opposite sides of the walls of the fence.

One aspect is forming a medical lead for implantation. The method includes forming a plurality of non-ground electrodes, at least one non-ground electrode having a plurality of segments. Overmold portions are formed for the at least one of the plurality of non-ground electrodes, including keys and tabs. One of a plurality of conductors is attached to one segment of the at least one non-ground electrode using the keys and tabs. The non-ground electrodes and plurality of conductors are assembled into electrode assembly and the overmold portions are reflowed. The reflowed electrode assembly is then ground to form the medical lead.

The film production method includes: forming an ink layer on the base substrate covering the surface of the base substrate, the ink layer including a solvent and a film-forming material dissolved in the solvent; blowing gas to the ink layer so that the solvent in the ink layer spreads towards the periphery of the base substrate; removing the solvent in the ink layer so that the film-forming material in the ink layer forms a film covering the surface of the base substrate.

The film production method includes: forming an ink layer on the base substrate covering the surface of the base substrate, the ink layer including a solvent and a film-forming material dissolved in the solvent; blowing gas to the ink layer so that the solvent in the ink layer spreads towards the periphery of the base substrate; removing the solvent in the ink layer so that the film-forming material in the ink layer forms a film covering the surface of the base substrate.

A light-emitting device is disclosed, including: a substrate; a light-emitting diode (LED) formed on a first surface of the substrate, the LED being arranged to emit primary light; a fence disposed on a second surface of the substrate, the fence including a plurality of walls arranged to define a cell; a light-converting structure disposed in the cell, the light-converting structure being arranged to convert at least a portion of the primary light to secondary light having a wavelength that is different from the wavelength of the primary light; and a reflective element formed on one or more outer surfaces of the walls of the fence, such that the reflective element and the light-converting structure are disposed on opposite sides of the walls of the fence.

A measurement apparatus and a measurement method capable of speedily and accurately measuring an edge shape are provided. A measurement apparatus according to an aspect of the present disclosure includes an objective lens positioned so that its focal plane cuts across an edge part of a substrate, a detector including a plurality of pixels and configured to detect a reflected light from the edge part of the substrate through a confocal optical system, an optical head in which the objective lens and the detector are disposed, a moving mechanism configured to change a relative position of the optical head with respect to the substrate so that an inclination of the focal plane with respect to the substrate is changed, and a processing unit configured to measure a shape of the edge part.

A measurement apparatus and a measurement method capable of speedily and accurately measuring an edge shape are provided. A measurement apparatus according to an aspect of the present disclosure includes an objective lens positioned so that its focal plane cuts across an edge part of a substrate, a detector including a plurality of pixels and configured to detect a reflected light from the edge part of the substrate through a confocal optical system, an optical head in which the objective lens and the detector are disposed, a moving mechanism configured to change a relative position of the optical head with respect to the substrate so that an inclination of the focal plane with respect to the substrate is changed, and a processing unit configured to measure a shape of the edge part.

Deformation of substrates after the substrates are bonded can be suppressed. A bonding apparatus includes a first holding unit configured to attract and hold a first substrate from above; a second holding unit provided under the first holding unit and configured to attract and hold a second substrate from below; and a striker configured to press a central portion of the first substrate from above and bring the first substrate into contact with the second substrate. The first holding unit is configured to attract and hold a partial region of a peripheral portion of the first substrate, and the first holding unit attracts and holds the region which intersects with a direction, among directions from the central portion of the first substrate toward the peripheral portion thereof, in which a bonding region between the first substrate and the second substrate is expanded faster.