An organic EL element includes a pixel electrode, a light emitting function layer that is formed on the pixel electrode, an electron injection layer formed on the light emitting function layer, and a counter electrode that is formed on the electron injection layer and that has semi-transmissive reflectivity, in which the counter electrode contains a reductive material that reduces material of the electron injection layer and Ag with atomic ratio of 75% or more, and an adsorption layer is formed on the counter electrode.

A component may include a semiconductor chip, a buffer layer, a connecting layer, and a metal carrier. The semiconductor chip may include a substrate and a semiconductor body arranged thereon. The metal carrier may have a thermal expansion coefficient at least 1.5 times as great as a thermal expansion coefficient of the substrate or of the semiconductor chip. The chip may be fastened on the metal carrier by the connecting layer, and the buffer layer may have a yield stress ranging from 10 MPa. The buffer layer may have a thickness ranging from 2 um to 10 um and adjoin the chip. The substrate and the metal carrier may have a higher yield strength than the buffer layer.

A component may include a semiconductor chip, a buffer layer, a connecting layer, and a metal carrier. The semiconductor chip may include a substrate and a semiconductor body arranged thereon. The metal carrier may have a thermal expansion coefficient at least 1.5 times as great as a thermal expansion coefficient of the substrate or of the semiconductor chip. The chip may be fastened on the metal carrier by the connecting layer, and the buffer layer may have a yield stress ranging from 10 MPa. The buffer layer may have a thickness ranging from 2 um to 10 um and adjoin the chip. The substrate and the metal carrier may have a higher yield strength than the buffer layer.

A light emitting device includes: a light emitting element; a light-transmissive member including a first lower surface, an outer periphery of which being located on an outer side of the light extraction surface in a plan view, an upper surface having a greater area than an area of the first lower surface, a first lateral surface connected to the upper surface, a second lateral surface positioned on an inner side of the first lateral surface and connected to the first lower surface, and a second lower surface connected to the first and second lateral surfaces; a light guiding member covering at least a portion of a lateral surface of the light emitting element and at least a portion of the second lateral surface and the second lower surface; and a covering member covering the first lateral surface and a lateral surface of the light guiding member.

A light emitting device includes: a light emitting element; a light-transmissive member including a first lower surface, an outer periphery of which being located on an outer side of the light extraction surface in a plan view, an upper surface having a greater area than an area of the first lower surface, a first lateral surface connected to the upper surface, a second lateral surface positioned on an inner side of the first lateral surface and connected to the first lower surface, and a second lower surface connected to the first and second lateral surfaces; a light guiding member covering at least a portion of a lateral surface of the light emitting element and at least a portion of the second lateral surface and the second lower surface; and a covering member covering the first lateral surface and a lateral surface of the light guiding member.

There is provided a self-supporting polycrystalline gallium nitride substrate having excellent characteristics such as high luminous efficiency and high conversion efficiency when used for devices, such as light emitting devices and solar cells. The self-supporting polycrystalline gallium nitride substrate is composed of gallium nitride-based single crystal grains having a specific crystal orientation in a direction approximately normal to the substrate, and has a top surface and a bottom surface. The crystal orientations of individual gallium nitride-based single crystal grains as determined from inverse pole figure mapping by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis on the top surface are distributed at various tilt angles from the specific crystal orientation, in which the average tilt angle thereof is 0.1 or more and less than 1 and the cross-sectional average diameter D.sub.T of the gallium nitride-based single crystal grains at the outermost surface exposed on the top surface is 10 m or more.

There is provided a self-supporting polycrystalline gallium nitride substrate having excellent characteristics such as high luminous efficiency and high conversion efficiency when used for devices, such as light emitting devices and solar cells. The self-supporting polycrystalline gallium nitride substrate is composed of gallium nitride-based single crystal grains having a specific crystal orientation in a direction approximately normal to the substrate, and has a top surface and a bottom surface. The crystal orientations of individual gallium nitride-based single crystal grains as determined from inverse pole figure mapping by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis on the top surface are distributed at various tilt angles from the specific crystal orientation, in which the average tilt angle thereof is 0.1 or more and less than 1 and the cross-sectional average diameter D.sub.T of the gallium nitride-based single crystal grains at the outermost surface exposed on the top surface is 10 m or more.

An optoelectronic device includes a substrate; a semiconductor stack, formed on the substrate; a current blocking region, including a first pad portion formed above the semiconductor stack and wherein the current blocking region includes transparent insulated material; a transparent conductive layer, formed on the current blocking region and/or a surface of the semiconductor stack; a first opening, formed in the first pad portion, wherein in a top view, the first opening includes elongated shape; and a first electrode, including a first pad electrode formed above the first pad portion of the current blocking region and electrically connecting to the semiconductor stack through the first opening.

An optoelectronic device includes a substrate; a semiconductor stack, formed on the substrate; a current blocking region, including a first pad portion formed above the semiconductor stack and wherein the current blocking region includes transparent insulated material; a transparent conductive layer, formed on the current blocking region and/or a surface of the semiconductor stack; a first opening, formed in the first pad portion, wherein in a top view, the first opening includes elongated shape; and a first electrode, including a first pad electrode formed above the first pad portion of the current blocking region and electrically connecting to the semiconductor stack through the first opening.

This disclosure discloses a display including a first carrier, a second carrier, a light-emitting unit, a frame, and a protective layer. The first carrier includes a first electrode and a second electrode. The second carrier is arranged below the first carrier and includes a first connection pad and a second connection pad arranged on a side of the second carrier close to the first carrier. The light-emitting unit is arranged on the first carrier. The frame surrounds the light-emitting unit, and the protective layer covers the light-emitting unit. A distance between the first electrode and the second electrode is smaller than that between the first connection pad and the second connection pad.