Disclosed are novel methods and techniques for introducing liquefied gas solvents into electrochemical devices. Unlike conventional electrolytes, disclosed electrolytes are based on liquefied gas solvents mixed with various salts, referred to as liquefied gas electrolytes. The disclosed liquefied gas electrolytes can have wide electrochemical potential windows, high conductivity, low temperature capability and/or high pressure solvent properties. Non-limiting examples of a class of liquefied gases that can be used as solvent for electrolytes include hydrofluorocarbons, in particular fluoromethane, difluoromethane, tetrafluoroethane, pentafluoroethane.

Membraneless electrochemical cells and batteries are disclosed. The cells comprise electrolyte solutions that are not miscible. The cells and batteries disclosed herein may be used to deliver electricity to process applications.

Membraneless electrochemical cells and batteries are disclosed. The cells comprise electrolyte solutions that are not miscible. The cells and batteries disclosed herein may be used to deliver electricity to process applications.

Various embodiments are directed to an electrochemical cell having a non-homogeneous anode. The electrochemical cell includes a container, a cathode forming a hollow cylinder within the container, an anode positioned within the hollow cylinder of the cathode, and a separator between the cathode and the anode. The anode comprises at least two concentric anode portions, defined by different anode characteristics. For example, the two anode portions may contain different surfactant types, which provides the two anode portions with different charge transfer resistance characteristics. By lowering the charge transfer resistance of a portion of an anode located proximate the current collector of the cell (and away from the separator) relative to an anode portion located adjacent the separator, improved cell discharge performance may be obtained.

A lithium metal battery includes: a positive electrode, a negative electrode including lithium, a liquid electrolyte disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a protective layer disposed on at least a portion of the negative electrode, wherein the protective layer includes a first polymer selected from at least one of a poly(vinyl alcohol) and a poly(vinyl alcohol) blend.

The invention relates to a pulp paper for flexible film zinc-manganese battery, which comprises a base paper with only one layer and slurry coated on both sides which comprises modified starch, polyelectrolyte, water retaining agent, organic/inorganic composite corrosion inhibitor, and electrolytes wherein the polyelectrolyte is one or more of polyglutamic acid, sodium polyglutamate, potassium polyglutamate, polyaspartic acid, sodium polyaspartate and sodium polyaspartate, and the water retaining agent is a sodium salt or a potassium salt of hyaluronic acid. The pulp paper in the invention has the advantages of thin layer, simple composition, fast absorption speed, large liquid absorption capacity, good liquid-retaining ability, good ionic conductivity and low wet resistance which boosts good application value in the field of flexible battery technology. The flexible film zinc-manganese battery applying the pulp paper has advantages of low resistance, large battery capacity, good high current and excellent pulse discharge capacity.

The invention relates to a pulp paper for flexible film zinc-manganese battery, which comprises a base paper with only one layer and slurry coated on both sides which comprises modified starch, polyelectrolyte, water retaining agent, organic/inorganic composite corrosion inhibitor, and electrolytes wherein the polyelectrolyte is one or more of polyglutamic acid, sodium polyglutamate, potassium polyglutamate, polyaspartic acid, sodium polyaspartate and sodium polyaspartate, and the water retaining agent is a sodium salt or a potassium salt of hyaluronic acid. The pulp paper in the invention has the advantages of thin layer, simple composition, fast absorption speed, large liquid absorption capacity, good liquid-retaining ability, good ionic conductivity and low wet resistance which boosts good application value in the field of flexible battery technology. The flexible film zinc-manganese battery applying the pulp paper has advantages of low resistance, large battery capacity, good high current and excellent pulse discharge capacity.

Membraneless electrochemical cells and batteries are disclosed. The cells comprise electrolyte solutions that are not miscible. The cells and batteries disclosed herein may be used to deliver electricity to process applications.

Membraneless electrochemical cells and batteries are disclosed. The cells comprise electrolyte solutions that are not miscible. The cells and batteries disclosed herein may be used to deliver electricity to process applications.

Disclosed is a lithium primary battery using a composite electrolyte, wherein, in order to maximize advantages of a lithium thionyl battery and a lithium sulfonyl battery, electrolytes of the two batteries are mixed to proceed two-stage discharging, thereby making it possible to check the battery usage.