A tumor resection process includes the administration of an iridium-containing nucleoside, medical imaging, and tumor and tumor margin removal. The iridium-containing nucleoside may be selected from:

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This disclosure relates to the field of fluorescent dyes, and in particular, compositions and methods for increasing fluorescent signals and the reduction of fluorescent quenching.

Disclosed are dihydropyrene derivatives, processes for preparing the same and their uses.

Oxygen levels in biological tissue or systems can be measured by the phosphorescence quenching method using phosphorescent porphyrin probes, also referred to as a dendritic oxygen probes, with controllable quenching parameters and defined biodistributions. Provided are a next generation of oxygen sensors with substantially improved phosphorescence emission for better imaging capabilities, ease of use, increasing the quantum efficiency (phosphorescence intensity) and extending their range of applicability including constructing a class of oxygen sensors for making measurements in organic media. In addition, provided are methods for synthesizing new porphyrin constructs in which the porphyrin is made less flexible and more planar, changing with decrease internal quenching, and thereby increasing the phosphorescence emission used for oxygen sensing. Additional methods are provided for structurally modifying the dendrimer used to encapsulate the porphyrin phosphor to provide internal quenching of singlet oxygen molecules formed during oxygen measurements.

A long-term stable photoactive composition, namely a phosphorescent composition or a TTA-photon upconversion composition, contains: a) at least one compound, which has a triplet state capable of energy transfer via an emissive process or a non-emissive process, wherein the at least one compound having a triplet state is i) at least one phosphorescent compound and/or ii) at least one sensitizer compound being capable of absorbing radiation at a first frequency v.sub.1 and at least one emissive compound, wherein the at least one sensitizer compound is capable of transferring energy to the at least one emissive compound and wherein the at least one emissive compound, after obtaining energy transferred from the at least one sensitizer compound, is capable of emitting light at a second frequency v.sub.2, wherein the following equation is fulfilled: v.sub.2>v.sub.1, wherein the at least one sensitizer compound is capable of a triplet-triplet energy transfer to the at least one emissive compound and wherein the at least one emissive compound is preferably capable of a triplet-triplet annihilation, and b) at least one compound capable of reacting with singlet oxygen, wherein the at least one compound capable of reacting with singlet oxygen comprises at least one terminal unsaturated carbon-carbon bond and is selected from the group consisting of compounds having anyone of the general formulae (I) to (X).

There are provided a compound having two or more phosphor moieties of which light absorption characteristics are equivalent to each other, in which the phosphor moieties adjacent to each other are each linked through a group including a structure represented by General Formula (I), and a labeled biological substance using the compound.

##STR00001## In the formula, X.sup.1 to X.sup.3 represent O, S, >NR.sup.1, or >CR.sup.2R.sup.3. R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, an acyl group, NR.sup.8R.sup.9, OR.sup.10, or an anionic group. R.sup.1 to R.sup.10 represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an acyl group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, or an anionic group. n is an integer of 2 or more. * represents a bonding site.

Ophthalmic treatment systems and methods of using the systems are disclosed. The ophthalmic treatment systems include (a) a light source device; (b) at least one optical treatment head operatively coupled to the light source device, comprising a light source array, and providing at least one treatment light; and (c) a light control device, which (i) provides patterned or discontinuous treatment light projection onto an eye (e.g., the cornea and/or sclera of an eye); or (ii) adjusts intensity of part or all of the light source array, providing adjusted intensity treatment light projection onto an eye (e.g., the cornea and/or sclera of an eye). The at least one treatment light promotes corneal and/or scleral collagen cross-linking.

Ophthalmic treatment systems and methods of using the systems are disclosed. The ophthalmic treatment systems include (a) a light source device; (b) at least one optical treatment head operatively coupled to the light source device, comprising a light source array, and providing at least one treatment light; and (c) a light control device, which (i) provides patterned or discontinuous treatment light projection onto an eye (e.g., the cornea and/or sclera of an eye); or (ii) adjusts intensity of part or all of the light source array, providing adjusted intensity treatment light projection onto an eye (e.g., the cornea and/or sclera of an eye). The at least one treatment light promotes corneal and/or scleral collagen cross-linking.

Ophthalmic treatment systems and methods of using the systems are disclosed. The ophthalmic treatment systems include (a) a light source device; (b) at least one optical treatment head operatively coupled to the light source device, comprising a light source array, and providing at least one treatment light; and (c) a light control device, which (i) provides patterned or discontinuous treatment light projection onto an eye (e.g., the cornea and/or sclera of an eye); or (ii) adjusts intensity of part or all of the light source array, providing adjusted intensity treatment light projection onto an eye (e.g., the cornea and/or sclera of an eye). The at least one treatment light promotes corneal and/or scleral collagen cross-linking.

Core-shell nanoparticles comprises a phosphorescent core and metal shell comprising at least two metals The phosphorescent core may comprise an up converting phosphor. The phosphorescent core may comprise a trivalent rare earth cation. The phosphorescent core further may comprise a monovalent alkali metal. The phosphorescent core may optionally comprises a second and also optionally a third trivalent rare earth cation.