Ophthalmic treatment systems and methods of using the systems are disclosed. The ophthalmic treatment systems include (a) a light source device; (b) at least one optical treatment head operatively coupled to the light source device, comprising a light source array, and providing at least one treatment light; and (c) a light control device, which (i) provides patterned or discontinuous treatment light projection onto an eye (e.g., the cornea and/or sclera of an eye); or (ii) adjusts intensity of part or all of the light source array, providing adjusted intensity treatment light projection onto an eye (e.g., the cornea and/or sclera of an eye). The at least one treatment light promotes corneal and/or scleral collagen cross-linking.

To address the need for scaffold-based oxygen concentration monitoring, a single-component, self-referenced oxygen sensor was made into nanofibers. Electrospinning process parameters were tuned to produce a biomaterial scaffold with specific morphological features. The ratio of an oxygen sensitive phosphorescence signal to an oxygen insensitive fluorescence signal was calculated at each image pixel to determine an oxygenation value. A single component boron dye-polymer conjugate was chosen for additional investigation due to improved resistance to degradation in aqueous media compared to a dye polymer blend. Standardization curves show that in fully supplemented media, the fibers are responsive to dissolved oxygen concentrations less than 15 parts per million. Spatial and temporal ratiometric gradients were observed in vitro radiating outward from the center of a dense adherent cell grouping. Sensor activation in ischemia and cell transplant models in vivo show oxygenation decreases on the scale of minutes.

Oxygen levels in biological tissue or systems can be measured by the phosphorescence quenching method using phosphorescent porphyrin probes, also referred to as a dendritic oxygen probes, with controllable quenching parameters and defined biodistributions. Provided are a next generation of oxygen sensors with substantially improved phosphorescence emission for better imaging capabilities, ease of use, increasing the quantum efficiency (phosphorescence intensity) and extending their range of applicability including constructing a class of oxygen sensors for making measurements in organic media. In addition, provided are methods for synthesizing new porphyrin constructs in which the porphyrin is made less flexible and more planar, changing with decrease internal quenching, and thereby increasing the phosphorescence emission used for oxygen sensing. Additional methods are provided for structurally modifying the dendrimer used to encapsulate the porphyrin phosphor to provide internal quenching of singlet oxygen molecules formed during oxygen measurements.

Ophthalmic treatment systems and methods of using the systems are disclosed. The ophthalmic treatment systems include (a) a light source device; (b) at least one optical treatment head operatively coupled to the light source device, comprising a light source array, and providing at least one treatment light; and (c) a light control device, which (i) provides patterned or discontinuous treatment light projection onto an eye (e.g., the cornea and/or sclera of an eye); or (ii) adjusts intensity of part or all of the light source array, providing adjusted intensity treatment light projection onto an eye (e.g., the cornea and/or sclera of an eye). The at least one treatment light promotes corneal and/or scleral collagen cross-linking.

Ophthalmic treatment systems and methods of using the systems are disclosed. The ophthalmic treatment systems include (a) a light source device; (b) at least one optical treatment head operatively coupled to the light source device, comprising a light source array, and providing at least one treatment light; and (c) a light control device, which (i) provides patterned or discontinuous treatment light projection onto an eye (e.g., the cornea and/or sclera of an eye); or (ii) adjusts intensity of part or all of the light source array, providing adjusted intensity treatment light projection onto an eye (e.g., the cornea and/or sclera of an eye). The at least one treatment light promotes corneal and/or scleral collagen cross-linking.

Oxygen-sensing materials and methods are disclosed. The materials include oxygen-sensing chromophores embedded in a solid matrix including silk fibroin in an amount by weight of at least 50% of the total weight of the solid matrix. The solid matrix possesses at least partial transparency at relevant wavelengths. The solid matrix is biocompatible and biodegradable. The solid matrix is not a hydrogel. The chromophores are distributed throughout the solid matrix. Tissue oxygenation can be estimated from phosphorescence measurements made from oxygen-sensing materials implanted in subject.

Disclosed herein are masked IL12 proteins that can be activated both in vitro and in vivo. Surprisingly, a small, bioorthogonal group is sufficient to deactivate or mask the IL12 protein, which can thereafter be activated by contacting the masked IL12 protein with the bioorthogonal reactive partner of the Trigger joining the IL12 protein to the mask (either a dienophile or a diene). The invention also relates to methods for using and preparing said masked IL12 proteins.

The present approach generally relates to systems and methods for implementing energy modulated tomographic imaging of nanoparticles. In certain embodiments, a first energy is used to activate probe particles labeling an anatomy or tissue of interest. The probe particles, once activated, emit photons at a different rate and/or spectrum in response to an underlying physiological event, such as action potentials propagating in the labeled anatomy or tissue. The emitted photons may then be detected and used to map or image the occurrence of the physiological event.

Aspects of the disclosure generally relates to articles, compositions, and systems for oxygen detection in vitro or in vivo. In some embodiments, the disclosure relates to a metal complex, e.g., a compound comprising at least one metal-carbon bond. In some embodiments, the disclosure relates to metal organic frameworks (MOF). The MOFs comprise a plurality of metal clusters and a plurality of ligands that are coordinated with the plurality of metal clusters. In some embodiments, the disclosure relates to liposome-complexes (e.g., liposome-metal complexes and/or liposome-MOF complexes). In some embodiments, the metal complex, MOF, and/or liposome-complexes are configured to undergo photoluminescence following activation. Methods for in vitro and in vivo oxygen sensing and/or detecting intratumoral oxygen tensions using said articles, compositions, and system are also disclosed herein.

The present invention aims to develop a compound and a reagent having long phosphorescence lifetimes, for use in imaging of a hypoxic cell/tissue or for use in measurement/quantification of the oxygen concentration thereof. The present invention provides a reagent for measuring oxygen concentration, comprising a compound represented by the following General Formula (I) or (II). ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represent hydrogen or a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 hydrocarbon group; and X.sup. represents a counter anion.