Proposed are a submarine power supply system and power supply method using a seawater battery, the system having a chargeable/dischargeable battery that is arranged on the outside of a pressure hull, so as to use, as a cathode, sodium ions dissolved in seawater, and thus produce electric power, which is then used as electric power required for operating a submarine.

Proposed are a submarine power supply system and power supply method using a seawater battery, the system having a chargeable/dischargeable battery that is arranged on the outside of a pressure hull, so as to use, as a cathode, sodium ions dissolved in seawater, and thus produce electric power, which is then used as electric power required for operating a submarine.

The invention is directed towards a battery. The battery includes a cathode, an anode, a separator between the cathode and the anode, and an electrolyte. The cathode includes a conductive additive and an electrochemically active cathode material. The electrochemically active cathode material includes a beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide. The beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide has a chemical formula. The chemical formula is Li.sub.xA.sub.yNi.sub.1+a−zM.sub.zO.sub.2.nH.sub.2O where x is from about 0.02 to about 0.20; y is from about 0.03 to about 0.20; a is from about 0 to about 0.2; z is from about 0 to about 0.2; and n is from about 0 to about 1. Within the chemical formula, A is an alkali metal. The alkali metal includes potassium, rubidium, cesium, and any combination thereof. Within the chemical formula, M comprises an alkaline earth metal, a transition metal, a non-transition metal, and any combination thereof. The anode includes an electrochemically active anode material. The electrochemically active anode material includes zinc, zinc alloy, and any combination thereof.

A hybrid battery system is provided for extending the shelf-life of rechargeable batteries. The hybrid battery system may contain sets of non-rechargeable and rechargeable batteries respectively. As the rechargeable batteries are discharged (e.g., from self-discharge), the hybrid battery system may utilize the non-rechargeable batteries to maintain the rechargeable batteries at a preferred state of charge. A preferred state of charge may be selected to extend the shelf-life of the rechargeable batteries. Alternatively, a signal may change the preferred state of charge to prepare the rechargeable batteries for use or for other reasons. The hybrid battery system may contain modular components, thereby allowing for easy replacement of defective or otherwise unsuitable non-rechargeable batteries, rechargeable batteries, or supporting electronics.

For each cell in a plurality of cells from a same manufacturing run, a first and a second cell characteristic are received in order to obtain a plurality of cell characteristics. For each cell, a batch compatibility number that is associated with a number of compatible cells that that cell is compatible with is determined based at least in part on the plurality of cell characteristics. The plurality of cells is sorted according to the batch compatibility numbers to obtain a sorted list of cells. A plurality of compatible cells to include in a battery is selected from the plurality of cells, including by evaluating the plurality of cells according to the order of the sorted list of cells and beginning with the lowest batch compatibility number.

This application relates to the field of battery technologies, and provides a battery module and a manufacturing method thereof. The battery module includes: two or more battery groups, each battery group including two or more battery cells; a module frame, including end plates and side plates, wherein the end plates and the side plates form an accommodating cavity for fixing the battery groups; a middle plate, wherein the middle plate is disposed between two of the battery groups, and is provided with an accommodating groove inside; and a cell management unit, disposed in the accommodating groove of the middle plate and connected to a sampling line of the battery cells. A cell management unit in the accommodating groove inside the middle plate can reduce the chance from failing under swelling pressure of the battery cells.

This application relates to the field of battery technologies, and provides a battery module and a manufacturing method thereof. The battery module includes: two or more battery groups, each battery group including two or more battery cells; a module frame, including end plates and side plates, wherein the end plates and the side plates form an accommodating cavity for fixing the battery groups; a middle plate, wherein the middle plate is disposed between two of the battery groups, and is provided with an accommodating groove inside; and a cell management unit, disposed in the accommodating groove of the middle plate and connected to a sampling line of the battery cells. A cell management unit in the accommodating groove inside the middle plate can reduce the chance from failing under swelling pressure of the battery cells.

This application relates to an electrochemical device. The electrochemical device comprises a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate and an electrolyte, wherein the positive electrode plate comprises a current collector, a positive electrode active material layer and a safety coating disposed between the current collector and the positive electrode active material layer; the safety coating comprises a polymer matrix, a conductive material and an inorganic filler; wherein based on the total weight of the polymer matrix, the conductive material and the inorganic filler, the polymer matrix is present in a content of from 35 wt % to 75 wt %, the conductive material is present in a content of from 5 wt % to 25 wt %, and the inorganic filler is present in a content of from 10 wt % to 60 wt %; and the electrolyte has a viscosity at normal temperature of ≤4 cp.

The invention is directed towards an electrochemically active cathode material. The electrochemically active cathode includes beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide and an electrochemically active cathode material selected from the group consisting of manganese oxide, manganese dioxide, electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD), chemical manganese dioxide (CMD), high power electrolytic manganese dioxide (HP EMD), lambda manganese dioxide, gamma manganese dioxide, beta manganese dioxide, and mixtures thereof. The beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide has an X-ray diffraction pattern. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide includes a first peak from about 14.9°2θ to about 16.0°2θ; a second peak from about 21.3°2θ to about 22.7°2θ; a third peak from about 37.1°2θ to about 37.4°2θ; a fourth peak from about 43.2°2θ to about 44.0°2θ; a fifth peak from about 59.6°2θ to about 60.6°2θ; and a sixth peak from about 65.4°2θ to about 65.9°2θ.

An apparatus may include a plurality of cells surrounded by a plurality of heat generating material. The plurality of heat generating material are configured to release heat to each of the plurality of cells causing discharge from each of the plurality of cells in a low temperature environment.