A flow battery includes a first liquid containing a first electrode mediator dissolved therein, a first electrode immersed in the first liquid, a first active material immersed in the first liquid, and a first circulation mechanism that circulates the first liquid between the first electrode and the first active material. The first electrode mediator includes a carbazole derivative, and the carbazole derivative has a substituent at positions 3, 6, and 9 of a carbazole skeleton thereof.

A process for manufacturing a flow guide for an electrochemical reactor, including providing a substrate; on a first face of the substrate, printing a layer of electrically conductive ink by applying a shear stress to this layer, the viscosity of the printed ink being comprised between 70 and 500 Pa.Math.s for a shear rate of 0.1 s.sup.1, and the viscosity of the printed ink being comprised between 2.5 and 7 Pa.Math.s for a shear rate of 100 s.sup.1, the layer of ink being printed to form a pattern including ribs delineating flow channels.

A fuel cell module includes a plurality of power generation cells. The plurality of power generation cells are stacked together in a circle, and a tightening load is applied to the plurality of power generation cells in a circumferential direction. Each of the plurality of power generation cells includes a V-shaped electrically conductive base plate. A first reactant gas flow field is provided between power generation cells that are adjacent to each other. A ridge protruding outward is provided in the base plate to provide the first reactant gas flow field by the ridge, and insulating material is provided on the ridge.

A fuel cell module includes a plurality of power generation cells. Each of the power generation cells includes an electrolyte electrode assembly for performing power generation by utilizing a fuel gas and an oxygen-containing gas. The plurality of power generation cells are stacked together in a circle, and a tightening load is applied to the plurality of power generation cells in a circumferential direction. Each of the plurality of power generation cells has a V-shape, and a peak of the V-shape is oriented to the center of the fuel cell module.

A fuel cell device is provided having an active central portion with an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte therebetween. At least three elongate portions extend from the active central portion, each having a length substantially greater than a width transverse thereto such that the elongate portions each have a coefficient of thermal expansion having a dominant axis that is coextensive with its length. A fuel passage extends from a fuel inlet in a first elongate portion into the active central portion in association with the anode, and an oxidizer passage extends from an oxidizer inlet in a second elongate portion into the active central portion in association with the cathode. A gas passage extends between an opening in the third elongate portion and the active central portion. For example, the passage in the third elongate portion may be an exhaust passage for the spent fuel and/or oxidizer gasses.

A microbial fuel cell and a method for generating an electric current using the microbial fuel cell are disclosed. The microbial fuel cell comprises a housing provided with multiple cell compartments. The cell compartments includes an anode compartment having an anode in a side, and a cathode compartment having a cathode on another side separated by an ion exchange membrane. The anode is a glassy carbon modified with a multi-walled carbon nanotube/tin oxide nanocomposite configured to attach a biocatalyst, immersed in a solution. The cathode is a platinum electrode immersed in another solution. The anode and cathode are electrically connected to one another via a resistance to generate electricity. The large specific surface area and biocompatibility of the multi-walled carbon nanotube/tin oxide nanocomposite anode in the microbial fuel cell increases the bacterial biofilm formation and charge transfer efficiency.

A fuel cell device is provided having an active central portion with an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte therebetween. At least three elongate portions extend from the active central portion, each having a length substantially greater than a width transverse thereto such that the elongate portions each have a coefficient of thermal expansion having a dominant axis that is coextensive with its length. A fuel passage extends from a fuel inlet in a first elongate portion into the active central portion in association with the anode, and an oxidizer passage extends from an oxidizer inlet in a second elongate portion into the active central portion in association with the cathode. A gas passage extends between an opening in the third elongate portion and the active central portion. For example, the passage in the third elongate portion may be an exhaust passage for the spent fuel and/or oxidizer gasses.

An assembly arrangement of solid oxide cells in a fuel cell system or in an electrolyzer cell system is disclosed which includes cells arranged at least to four angles and at least one cell stack formation. At least one substantially plain attachment side of each at least four angled stack formation includes at least one geometrically deviating attachment surface structure in the otherwise substantially plain side between at least two corners of the at least four angled stack formation. At least one flow restriction structure restricts air flows in the cell system to be mounted against the geometrically deviating attachment surface structure of each stack formation to attach at least one cell stack formation in the assembly arrangement. An electrical insulation is arranged to the attachment of the flow restriction structure and the stack formation.

The disclosure relates to a method for making fuel cell system. The fuel cell system includes a fuel cell module curved to form a chamber. The fuel cell module includes a container having a number of through holes and a membrane electrode assembly located on the container and cover the number of through holes. The membrane electrode assembly includes a proton exchange membrane having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, a cathode electrode located on the first surface and an anode electrode located on the second surface. A fuel cell module is at least partially immerged in the fuel and the oxidizing gas is supplied in to the chamber of the fuel cell module.

Fuel cell devices and systems are provided. In certain embodiments, the devices include a ceramic support structure having a length, a width, and a thickness with the length direction being the dominant direction of thermal expansion. A reaction zone having at least one active layer therein is spaced from the first end and includes first and second opposing electrodes, associated active first and second gas passages, and electrolyte. The active first gas passage includes sub-passages extending in the y direction and spaced apart in the x direction. An artery flow passage extends from the first end along the length and into the reaction zone and is fluidicly coupled to the sub-passages of the active first gas passage. The thickness of the artery flow passage is greater than the thickness of the sub-passages. In other embodiments, fuel cell devices include second sub-passages for the active second gas passage and a second artery flow passage coupled thereto, and extending from either the first end or the second end into the reaction zone. In yet other embodiments, one or both electrodes of a fuel cell device are segmented.