An electrolyte including a mixture of hydroxynaphtoquinone and a precursor material thereof is provided. The electrolyte may achieve higher capacities.

An electrochemical cell is disclosed. The electrochemical cell comprises an anode side, a cathode side, a separator, and an alkaline aqueous ferric iron salt solution. The alkaline aqueous ferric iron salt solution may be either the catholyte or the anolyte, depending on the electrochemical half-reactions that define the electrochemical cell. The alkaline aqueous ferric iron salt solution comprises one or more anionic ferric iron-carbonate complexes.

An electrochemical cell is disclosed. The electrochemical cell comprises an anode side, a cathode side, a separator, and an alkaline aqueous ferric iron salt solution. The alkaline aqueous ferric iron salt solution may be either the catholyte or the anolyte, depending on the electrochemical half-reactions that define the electrochemical cell. The alkaline aqueous ferric iron salt solution comprises one or more anionic ferric iron-carbonate complexes.

The present invention relates to novel combinations of redox active compounds for use as redox flow battery electrolytes. The invention further provides kits comprising these combinations, redox flow batteries, and method using the combinations, kits and redox flow batteries of the invention.

The present invention relates to novel combinations of redox active compounds for use as redox flow battery electrolytes. The invention further provides kits comprising these combinations, redox flow batteries, and method using the combinations, kits and redox flow batteries of the invention.

The present disclosure discloses a stable and high-capacity neutral aqueous redox flow lithium battery based on redox-targeting reaction and belongs to the technical field of flow lithium batteries. The present disclosure solves the technical problem that an existing flow battery can only work at low current density. The flow lithium battery of the present disclosure includes a positive electrode storage tank and a negative electrode storage tank; the positive electrode storage tank is filled with a positive electrolyte; and the negative electrode storage tank is filled with a negative electrolyte. The flow lithium battery is characterized in that the positive electrolyte includes a salt containing [Fe(CN).sub.6].sup.4− and/or [Fe(CN).sub.6].sup.3−, and the positive electrode storage tank is further filled with LFP particles and/or FP particles. The flow lithium battery of the present disclosure has wide application prospects in the field of large-scale energy storage.

The present disclosure discloses a stable and high-capacity neutral aqueous redox flow lithium battery based on redox-targeting reaction and belongs to the technical field of flow lithium batteries. The present disclosure solves the technical problem that an existing flow battery can only work at low current density. The flow lithium battery of the present disclosure includes a positive electrode storage tank and a negative electrode storage tank; the positive electrode storage tank is filled with a positive electrolyte; and the negative electrode storage tank is filled with a negative electrolyte. The flow lithium battery is characterized in that the positive electrolyte includes a salt containing [Fe(CN).sub.6].sup.4− and/or [Fe(CN).sub.6].sup.3−, and the positive electrode storage tank is further filled with LFP particles and/or FP particles. The flow lithium battery of the present disclosure has wide application prospects in the field of large-scale energy storage.

A redox flow battery includes first and second cells. Each cell has electrodes and a separator layer arranged between the electrodes. A first circulation loop is fluidly connected with the first electrode of the first cell. A polysulfide electrolyte solution has a pH 11.5 or greater and is contained in the first recirculation loop. A second circulation loop is fluidly connected with the second electrode of the second cell. An iron electrolyte solution has a pH 3 or less and is contained in the second circulation loop. A third circulation loop is fluidly connected with the second electrode of the first cell and the first electrode of the second cell. An intermediator electrolyte solution is contained in the third circulation loop. The cells are operable to undergo reversible reactions to store input electrical energy upon charging and discharge the stored electrical energy upon discharging.

A redox flow battery includes first and second cells. Each cell has electrodes and a separator layer arranged between the electrodes. A first circulation loop is fluidly connected with the first electrode of the first cell. A polysulfide electrolyte solution has a pH 11.5 or greater and is contained in the first recirculation loop. A second circulation loop is fluidly connected with the second electrode of the second cell. An iron electrolyte solution has a pH 3 or less and is contained in the second circulation loop. A third circulation loop is fluidly connected with the second electrode of the first cell and the first electrode of the second cell. An intermediator electrolyte solution is contained in the third circulation loop. The cells are operable to undergo reversible reactions to store input electrical energy upon charging and discharge the stored electrical energy upon discharging.

Power sources that enable in-body devices, such as implantable and ingestible devices, are provided. Aspects of the in-body power sources of the invention include a solid support, a first high surface area electrode and a second electrode. Embodiments of the in-power sources are configured to emit a detectable signal upon contact with a target physiological site. Also provided are methods of making and using the power sources of the invention.