A carbon dioxide capture system for removing carbon dioxide from a flue gas produced by a combustion power plant. The system includes an electrolyzer cell configured to receive a flue gas comprising carbon dioxide and output a first exhaust stream comprising an enriched flue gas comprising carbon dioxide. The system further includes a fuel cell configured to receive the first exhaust stream and output a second exhaust stream comprising carbon dioxide. The second exhaust stream contains a higher concentration of carbon dioxide than the first exhaust stream.

A molten carbonate fuel cell-powered system for capturing carbon dioxide produced by a steam methane reformer system. Tail gas from a pressure swing adsorption system is mixed with exhaust gas from the fuel cell anode, then pressurized and cooled to extract liquefied carbon dioxide. The residual low-CO.sub.2 gas is directed to an anode gas oxidizer, to the anode, to the reformer to be burned for fuel, and/or to the pressure swing adsorption system. Low-CO.sub.2 flue gas from the reformer can be vented to the atmosphere or directed to the anode gas oxidizer. Reduction in the amount of CO.sub.2 reaching the fuel cell allows the fuel cell to be sized according to the power demands of the system and eliminates the need to export additional power output.

A molten carbonate fuel cell-powered system for capturing carbon dioxide produced by a steam methane reformer system. Tail gas from a pressure swing adsorption system is mixed with exhaust gas from the fuel cell anode, then pressurized and cooled to extract liquefied carbon dioxide. The residual low-CO.sub.2 gas is directed to an anode gas oxidizer, to the anode, to the reformer to be burned for fuel, and/or to the pressure swing adsorption system. Low-CO.sub.2 flue gas from the reformer can be vented to the atmosphere or directed to the anode gas oxidizer. Reduction in the amount of CO.sub.2 reaching the fuel cell allows the fuel cell to be sized according to the power demands of the system and eliminates the need to export additional power output.

In some variations, a hydrogen-storage material formulation comprises: a solid hydrogen-storage material containing at least one metal and hydrogen that is bonded with the metal; and a liquid electrolyte that is ionically conductive for at least one ion derived from the hydrogen-storage material. The liquid electrolyte may be from 5 wt % to about 20 wt % of the hydrogen-storage material formulation, for example. Many materials are possible for both the hydrogen-storage material as well as the liquid electrolyte. The hydrogen-storage material has a higher hydrogen evolution rate in the presence of the liquid electrolyte compared to a hydrogen-storage material without the liquid electrolyte. This is experimentally demonstrated with a destabilized metal hydride, MgH.sub.2/Si system, incorporating a LiI—KI—CsI ternary eutectic salt as the liquid electrolyte. Inclusion of the liquid electrolyte gives a ten-fold increase in H.sub.2 evolution rate at 250° C., reaching 3.5 wt % hydrogen released in only 7 hours.

An elevated target amount of electrolyte is used to initially fill a molten carbonate fuel cell that is operated under carbon capture conditions. The increased target electrolyte fill level can be achieved in part by adding additional electrolyte to the cathode collector prior to start of operation. The increased target electrolyte fill level can provide improved fuel cell performance and lifetime when operating a molten carbonate fuel cell at high current density with a low-CO.sub.2 content cathode input stream and/or when operating a molten carbonate fuel cell at high CO.sub.2 utilization.

Materials, designs, and methods of fabrication for hydrogen oxidation electrodes and electrochemical cells including the same are disclosed. In various embodiments, hydrogen oxidation catalysts and corresponding substrates are provided that enable electrochemical oxidation of hydrogen evolved at the anode of aqueous batteries.

A motive machine can be selectively operable in a plurality of functional modes. The motive machine can include a drive wheel a steering assembly (610), and a controller (604). The drive wheel can be rotatably secured to a body of the motive machine. The steering assembly (610) can be operable to steer the motive machine. The controller (604) can be in communication with a steering sensor (606), a steering motor, and a limit sensor (608, where the controller (604) can be configured to synchronize the steering motor to the steering sensor (606) as a function of a limit signal.

Disclosed here is a supported catalyst comprising a thermally stable core, wherein the thermally stable core comprises a metal oxide support and nickel disposed in the metal oxide support, wherein the metal oxide support comprises at least one base metal oxide and at least one transition metal oxide or rare earth metal oxide mixed with or dispersed in the base metal oxide. Optionally the supported catalyst can further comprise an electrolyte removing layer coating the thermally stable core and/or an electrolyte repelling layer coating the electrolyte removing layer, wherein the electrolyte removing layer comprises at least one metal oxide, and wherein the electrolyte repelling layer comprises at least one of graphite, metal carbide and metal nitride. Also disclosed is a molten carbonate fuel cell comprising the supported catalyst as a direct internal reforming catalyst.

A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell stack including a plurality of fuel cells positioned between opposing end plates, an anode manifold configured to direct anode gas into or out of the fuel cell stack, a cathode manifold configured to direct cathode gas into or out of the fuel cell stack, and at least one truss attached to an external surface of at least one of the cathode manifold or the anode manifold. The at least one truss is configured to reinforce the fuel cell system.

Embodiments of methods for capturing high-purity CO.sub.2 in a hydrocarbon facility and related systems are provided. The method comprises operating a hydrogen plant to generate a high-purity hydrogen stream and a CO.sub.2 rich stream with a CO.sub.2 concentration above 30%; introducing the high-purity hydrogen stream into an anode of a molten carbonate fuel cell; introducing the CO.sub.2 rich stream and O.sub.2 into a cathode of the molten carbonate fuel cell; reacting CO.sub.2 and O.sub.2 within the cathode to produce carbonate and a cathode exhaust stream from a cathode outlet; reacting carbonate from the cathode with H.sub.2 within the anode to produce electricity and an anode exhaust stream from an anode outlet, the anode exhaust stream comprising CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2O; separating the CO.sub.2 in the anode exhaust stream in one or more separators to form a pure CO.sub.2 stream and a H.sub.2O stream; and collecting the pure CO.sub.2 stream.