A method of producing electrical power includes: a cathode having a porphyrin precursor attached to a substrate, and having a first enzyme, wherein the first enzyme reduces oxygen; an anode having a first region of an anode substrate and having a gold nanoparticle composition located thereon, and having a second region of the anode substrate having an enzyme composition located thereon, wherein the enzyme composition includes a second enzyme, wherein the first region and second region are separate regions; and a neutral fuel liquid in contact with the anode and cathode, the neutral fuel liquid having a neutral pH and a fuel reagent; and operating the fuel cell to produce electrical power with the neutral fuel liquid having the neutral pH and the fuel reagent.

Methods, systems, and apparatus for treating wastewater and generating electricity. The system includes layers of sediment containing microorganisms for treating the wastewater. The system includes layers of granular activated carbon or granular activated carbon with graphene oxide or sand with graphene oxide disposed on top of the sediment layers for enhancing electron transfer, current generation rate, and wastewater treatment. The system also includes one or more anodes and one or more cathodes located on top of the layers of granular activated carbon or granular activated carbon with graphene oxide or sand with graphene oxide. The one or more anodes and the one or more cathodes are configured to generate electrical voltage. The system also includes a battery connected to the one or more anodes and the one or more cathodes and configured to store the electrical voltage generated by the one or more anodes and the one or more cathodes.

Methods, systems, and apparatus for treating wastewater and generating electricity. The system includes layers of sediment containing microorganisms for treating the wastewater. The system includes layers of granular activated carbon or granular activated carbon with graphene oxide or sand with graphene oxide disposed on top of the sediment layers for enhancing electron transfer, current generation rate, and wastewater treatment. The system also includes one or more anodes and one or more cathodes located on top of the layers of granular activated carbon or granular activated carbon with graphene oxide or sand with graphene oxide. The one or more anodes and the one or more cathodes are configured to generate electrical voltage. The system also includes a battery connected to the one or more anodes and the one or more cathodes and configured to store the electrical voltage generated by the one or more anodes and the one or more cathodes.

Thermo-electric generator which is intended to be immersed in a fluid which contains at least one chemical species, comprising two electrodes each having a first end and a second end, the first ends being connected to each other, the generator being configured to generate an electrical voltage between the two ends when a temperature difference is imposed between each first end and the corresponding second end, the temperature difference being such that one end, referred to as the “hot end”, of each electrode has a temperature which is strictly greater than the temperature of the other end. The hot end of at least one electrode comprises a micro-organism or an enzyme which is capable of causing at least one exothermic reaction involving the chemical species.

Thermo-electric generator which is intended to be immersed in a fluid which contains at least one chemical species, comprising two electrodes each having a first end and a second end, the first ends being connected to each other, the generator being configured to generate an electrical voltage between the two ends when a temperature difference is imposed between each first end and the corresponding second end, the temperature difference being such that one end, referred to as the “hot end”, of each electrode has a temperature which is strictly greater than the temperature of the other end. The hot end of at least one electrode comprises a micro-organism or an enzyme which is capable of causing at least one exothermic reaction involving the chemical species.

The present invention relates to a flexible electrode, a biofuel cell using the same, and a method for manufacturing the same. The electrode according to the present invention comprises: a non-electrically conductive substrate (10); a base layer (20) disposed on the outer surface of the substrate (10); a nanoparticle layer (31) including metallic nanoparticles and disposed on the outer surface of the base layer (20); and a monomolecular layer (33) including a monomolecular material having an amine group and disposed on the outer surface of the nanoparticle layer (31).

The present invention relates to a flexible electrode, a biofuel cell using the same, and a method for manufacturing the same. The electrode according to the present invention comprises: a non-electrically conductive substrate (10); a base layer (20) disposed on the outer surface of the substrate (10); a nanoparticle layer (31) including metallic nanoparticles and disposed on the outer surface of the base layer (20); and a monomolecular layer (33) including a monomolecular material having an amine group and disposed on the outer surface of the nanoparticle layer (31).

Disclosed are anode electrode structures for microbial fuel cell (MFC) devices, systems and methods for treating wastewater and generating electrical energy through a bioelectrochemical waste-to-energy conversion process. In some aspects, an anode electrode includes a conductive core and a plurality of sheets of conductive textile material wound around the conductive core. In some aspects, the anode electrode is produced by cutting sheets of a conductive textile material to form a stem and a plurality of branches connected to the stem. The conductive textile material is pretreated to enhance the surface area, hydrophilicity, microbial attachment, and/or electrochemical activity of the conductive textile material. The sheets are stacked together and wound around a conductive core to produce the anode electrode. In implementations, the anode electrode can be used to transfer electrons removed from wastewater surrounding the branched electrode via an oxidation reaction on the electrode surface within the an MFC device.

Disclosed are anode electrode structures for microbial fuel cell (MFC) devices, systems and methods for treating wastewater and generating electrical energy through a bioelectrochemical waste-to-energy conversion process. In some aspects, an anode electrode includes a conductive core and a plurality of sheets of conductive textile material wound around the conductive core. In some aspects, the anode electrode is produced by cutting sheets of a conductive textile material to form a stem and a plurality of branches connected to the stem. The conductive textile material is pretreated to enhance the surface area, hydrophilicity, microbial attachment, and/or electrochemical activity of the conductive textile material. The sheets are stacked together and wound around a conductive core to produce the anode electrode. In implementations, the anode electrode can be used to transfer electrons removed from wastewater surrounding the branched electrode via an oxidation reaction on the electrode surface within the an MFC device.

An improved bio-electrochemical wastewater treatment process and system (1) is disclosed. An electrode assembly (4) is defined by interconnecting a set of electrode modules (5). Each electrode module (5) has a first electrode of an anode-cathode pair coated with electrogenic microbes adapted to generate electrons via the consumption of organic matter in wastewater. An electrode module (5) has a second electrode of the anode-cathode pair, and a body, supporting and separating the first and second electrodes. Each electrode module (5) also comprises an interface for physically connecting the module with at least one other of the set.