A metal air battery includes: cells, each of which includes a positive electrode, an negative electrode, and an electrolyte layer located between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; and a magnetic field generator configured to form a magnetic field in the cells. The magnetic field generator comprises a permanent magnet attached to one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

A metal air battery includes: cells, each of which includes a positive electrode, an negative electrode, and an electrolyte layer located between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; and a magnetic field generator configured to form a magnetic field in the cells. The magnetic field generator comprises a permanent magnet attached to one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

In one embodiment, systems and methods include using a battery to provide electrical charge to a vehicle. The battery comprises a first half of a housing coupled comprising one or more air vents and an anode disposed at least partially within the first half of the housing. The battery further comprises a second half of the housing comprising one or more air vents, wherein the anode extends from the first half of the housing and into the second half of the housing. The battery further comprises a pair of cathodes disposed within the second half of the housing, wherein the pair of cathodes extends from the second half of the housing and into the first half of the housing, wherein the anode is disposed between the pair of cathodes, wherein there is a gap between the anode and each one of the pair of cathodes.

In one embodiment, systems and methods include using a battery to provide electrical charge to a vehicle. The battery comprises a first half of a housing coupled comprising one or more air vents and an anode disposed at least partially within the first half of the housing. The battery further comprises a second half of the housing comprising one or more air vents, wherein the anode extends from the first half of the housing and into the second half of the housing. The battery further comprises a pair of cathodes disposed within the second half of the housing, wherein the pair of cathodes extends from the second half of the housing and into the first half of the housing, wherein the anode is disposed between the pair of cathodes, wherein there is a gap between the anode and each one of the pair of cathodes.

A layered double hydroxide is represented by the following formula (I): Ni.sup.2+.sub.1−(x+y+z)Fe.sup.3+.sub.xV.sup.3+.sub.yCo.sup.3+.sub.z(OH).sub.2A.sup.n−.sub.(x+y+z)/n.Math.mH.sub.2O . . . (I). In one embodiment, in the formula (I), (x+y+z) is from 0.2 to 0.5, “x” represents more than 0 and 0.3 or less, “y” represents from 0.04 to 0.49, and “z” represents more than 0 and 0.2 or less.

A layered double hydroxide is represented by the following formula (I): Ni.sup.2+.sub.1−(x+y+z)Fe.sup.3+.sub.xV.sup.3+.sub.yCo.sup.3+.sub.z(OH).sub.2A.sup.n−.sub.(x+y+z)/n.Math.mH.sub.2O . . . (I). In one embodiment, in the formula (I), (x+y+z) is from 0.2 to 0.5, “x” represents more than 0 and 0.3 or less, “y” represents from 0.04 to 0.49, and “z” represents more than 0 and 0.2 or less.

The present technology provides a battery that includes an air cathode, an anode, an aqueous electrolyte that includes an amphoteric surfactant, and a housing that includes one or more air access ports defining a total area of void space (“vent area”), where (1) the battery is a size 13 metal-air battery and the total vent area defined by all of the air access ports is from about 0.050 mm.sup.2 to about 0.115 mm.sup.2; or (2) the battery is a size 312 metal-air battery and the total vent area defined by all of the air access ports is from about 0.03 mm.sup.2 to about 0.08 mm.sup.2.

The present technology provides a battery that includes an air cathode, an anode, an aqueous electrolyte that includes an amphoteric surfactant, and a housing that includes one or more air access ports defining a total area of void space (“vent area”), where (1) the battery is a size 13 metal-air battery and the total vent area defined by all of the air access ports is from about 0.050 mm.sup.2 to about 0.115 mm.sup.2; or (2) the battery is a size 312 metal-air battery and the total vent area defined by all of the air access ports is from about 0.03 mm.sup.2 to about 0.08 mm.sup.2.

A method for managing the electrical energy passing through a metal-air battery comprising a cell and the associated cell comprising a negative electrode, a first positive electrode referred to as the air electrode, and a second positive electrode referred to as the power electrode. The cell further comprises a third positive electrode. In a first charging phase, a charging voltage is applied to the cell, this voltage causing current to travel between the negative electrode and the second positive electrode, the first and third positive electrodes being electrically inactive. In a second charging phase, the charging voltage causes current to travel between the negative electrode and said third positive electrode, the first and second positive electrode being electrically inactive.

A method for managing the electrical energy passing through a metal-air battery comprising a cell and the associated cell comprising a negative electrode, a first positive electrode referred to as the air electrode, and a second positive electrode referred to as the power electrode. The cell further comprises a third positive electrode. In a first charging phase, a charging voltage is applied to the cell, this voltage causing current to travel between the negative electrode and the second positive electrode, the first and third positive electrodes being electrically inactive. In a second charging phase, the charging voltage causes current to travel between the negative electrode and said third positive electrode, the first and second positive electrode being electrically inactive.