A separator for an electrochemical cell, in particular a lithium cell, and a corresponding manufacturing method. In order to provide a separator having an elevated dendrite resistance, in particular ion-conducting, particles are introduced into pores of a polymer layer and frictionally retained between polymer walls delimiting pores. An electrochemical cell equipped therewith is also described.

A series of cells for use in an electrochemical device, such as an electrochemical cell or battery, that can operate in a single bulk electrolyte solution shared among the cells. Methods of producing hydrogen or both hydrogen and electricity in appreciable quantifies and in various ratios, and vehicles or other devices and applications powered by electrochemical devices comprising the series.

Disclosed is a pouch type metal-air battery. In the pouch type metal-air battery, when the electrolyte inside the cell comes out of the electrode assembly by applying external pressure, the electrolyte does not reach the space partitioned by the gas diffusion layer, the electrode assembly and the exterior material, due to the step caused by the projection part of the gas diffusion layer. As such, a plurality of pores in the exterior material, which corresponds to the space, may not be blocked. Therefore, since oxygen selectively permeated from the exterior material flows into the gas diffusion layer, and flows into the electrode assembly through the diffusion portion of the gas diffusion layer, the contact resistance with pressure may improve and the initial driving conditions and driving reproducibility may be secured.

A solid ion conductor comprising a compound represented by Formula 1 having an orthorhombic crystal structure, and belonging to a Pnma space group or a Pnma-like space group:

Li.sub.3-xA.sub.xLuCl.sub.6-yX.sub.y   Formula 1 wherein, in Formula 1, A is a monovalent cation having an ionic radius of 76 picometers or greater, X is a monovalent anion, and 0≤x≤0.1, 0≤y≤1, and x+y>0.

Battery system and method for producing electricity and hydrogen. The system dissipates heat as electrolyte fluid flows through a battery to generate reaction products in an exothermic reaction.

Provided herein are energy storage devices comprising a first electrode comprising a layered double hydroxide, a conductive scaffold, and a first current collector; a second electrode comprising a hydroxide and a second current collector; a separator; and an electrolyte. In some embodiments, the specific combination of device chemistry, active materials, and electrolytes described herein form storage devices that operate at high voltage and exhibit the capacity of a battery and the power performance of supercapacitors in one device.

Provided herein are energy storage devices comprising a first electrode comprising a layered double hydroxide, a conductive scaffold, and a first current collector; a second electrode comprising a hydroxide and a second current collector; a separator; and an electrolyte. In some embodiments, the specific combination of device chemistry, active materials, and electrolytes described herein form storage devices that operate at high voltage and exhibit the capacity of a battery and the power performance of supercapacitors in one device.

Cathode active materials for lithium-ion batteries comprise a hybrid nanocomposite of graphene and copper fluoride. Such cathode active materials are used, together with a polymeric binder material and optionally a conductive additive to form a cathode for a lithium-ion battery. Methods of producing hybrid nanocomposites of graphene and copper fluoride include hydrothermally reacting functionalized graphene, such as graphene oxide, and precursors of copper fluoride, such as aqueous fluorosilicic acid. Such hydrothermal reactions include sequential heating and freeze drying steps to produce a CuF.sub.2-graphene nanocomposite.

A primary battery includes: a positive electrode including a positive electrode collector composed of a porous conductor, and a porous positive electrode layer disposed on the positive electrode collector, oxygen taken from outside of the primary battery through the positive electrode collector being allowed to diffuse into the porous positive electrode layer; a negative electrode including a negative electrode collector composed of a porous conductor, and a porous negative electrode layer disposed on the negative electrode collector, the porous negative electrode layer including lithium nitride composed of lithium and nitrogen, nitrogen generated during discharge being allowed to diffuse into the porous negative electrode layer; and a nonaqueous electrolytic solution disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, the nonaqueous electrolytic solution containing a lithium salt.

In a case where an alkali aqueous solution is used as an electrolyte, provided are an oxygen catalyst excellent in catalytic activity and composition stability, an electrode having high activity and stability using this oxygen catalyst, and an electrochemical measurement method that can evaluate the catalytic activity of the oxygen catalyst alone. The oxygen catalyst is an oxide having peaks at positions of 2θ=30.07°±1.00°, 34.88°±1.00°, 50.20°±1.00°, and 59.65°±1.00° in an X-ray diffraction measurement using a CuKα ray, and having constituent elements of bismuth, ruthenium, sodium, and oxygen. An atom ratio O/Bi of oxygen to bismuth and an atom ratio O/Ru of oxygen to ruthenium are both more than 3.5.