The battery thermal management system includes a battery pack, a circulation subsystem, and a heat exchanger. The system can optionally include a cooling system, a reservoir, a de-ionization filter, a battery charger, and a controller.

A battery module includes a heat-shrinkable tube serving as a module housing. The battery module includes a cell assembly having a plurality of pouch-type secondary batteries; a bus bar assembly having a bus bar frame and a bus bar mounted to an outer surface of the bus bar frame; and a heat-shrinkable tube formed to be shrunk by heat and configured so that the cell assembly is located therein, the heat-shrinkable tube being provided to surround a side surface of the cell assembly and a portion of the bus bar assembly.

A battery module includes a heat-shrinkable tube serving as a module housing. The battery module includes a cell assembly having a plurality of pouch-type secondary batteries; a bus bar assembly having a bus bar frame and a bus bar mounted to an outer surface of the bus bar frame; and a heat-shrinkable tube formed to be shrunk by heat and configured so that the cell assembly is located therein, the heat-shrinkable tube being provided to surround a side surface of the cell assembly and a portion of the bus bar assembly.

According to one embodiment, a separator is provided. The separator includes a composite membrane. The composite membrane includes a substrate layer, a first composite layer, and a second composite layer. The first composite layer is located on one surface of the substrate layer. The second composite layer is located on the other surface of the substrate layer. The composite membrane has a coefficient of air permeability of 1×10.sup.−14 m.sup.2 or less. The first composite layer has a first surface and a second surface. The first surface is in contact with the substrate layer. The second surface is located on an opposite side to the first surface. Denseness of a portion including the first surface is lower than denseness of a portion including the second surface in the first composite layer.

According to one embodiment, a separator is provided. The separator includes a composite membrane. The composite membrane includes a substrate layer, a first composite layer, and a second composite layer. The first composite layer is located on one surface of the substrate layer. The second composite layer is located on the other surface of the substrate layer. The composite membrane has a coefficient of air permeability of 1×10.sup.−14 m.sup.2 or less. The first composite layer has a first surface and a second surface. The first surface is in contact with the substrate layer. The second surface is located on an opposite side to the first surface. Denseness of a portion including the first surface is lower than denseness of a portion including the second surface in the first composite layer.

A power supply device disposes an end plate at each end of a battery stack in a stacked direction of the battery stack, and couples a binding bar to the end plate, so as to fix battery cells. The binding bar includes a plate-shaped bar that extends in the stacked direction, and an engagement block that is provided on a plate-shaped bar and protrudes toward an outer peripheral face of the end plate. The engagement block is inserted into a fixing hole provided in the plate-shaped bar and fixed to an inner peripheral face of the fixing hole. The end plate includes a fitting part, to which the engagement block is guided, on the outer peripheral face of the end plate, and includes a stopper that is disposed closer to the battery stack with respect to the fitting part and abuts the engagement block.

A power supply device disposes an end plate at each end of a battery stack in a stacked direction of the battery stack, and couples a binding bar to the end plate, so as to fix battery cells. The binding bar includes a plate-shaped bar that extends in the stacked direction, and an engagement block that is provided on a plate-shaped bar and protrudes toward an outer peripheral face of the end plate. The engagement block is inserted into a fixing hole provided in the plate-shaped bar and fixed to an inner peripheral face of the fixing hole. The end plate includes a fitting part, to which the engagement block is guided, on the outer peripheral face of the end plate, and includes a stopper that is disposed closer to the battery stack with respect to the fitting part and abuts the engagement block.

A lithium-ion battery module includes a housing having a plurality of partitions configured to define a plurality of compartments within a housing. The battery module also includes a lithium-ion cell element provided in each of the compartments of the housing. The battery module further includes a cover coupled to the housing and configured to route electrolyte into each of the compartments. The cover is also configured to seal the compartments of the housing.

A battery pack assembly or enclosure comprises one or more batteries having an electrochemical cell and an enclosure having at least an outer wall configured to create a sealed volume of space substantially around the batteries. An atmosphere of the volume of space comprises gas having a thermal conductivity less than 0.018 watts per meter per degree Celsius. This atmosphere of gas provides an insulative layer between the outer wall of the enclosure and the batteries. With this insulative layer, the battery pack assembly can be subjected to autoclaving without damaging the batteries. The battery pack assembly can be used to power surgical tools or other devices that are subjected to autoclaving.

A battery-powered motor may include an electric motor, a controller, and a housing. The electric motor may be wound to enable the battery-powered motor to achieve a non-limited motor maximum motor revolutions per minute (RPM) for at least one specified battery. The controlling current may include limiting current to the electric motor at lower RPMs, and limiting the current to prevent the RPM of the electric motor from exceeding a limited maximum motor RPM which is lower than the non-limited motor maximum RPM. The housing may enclose the electric motor and the controller and the specified battery. The housing may have a form factor to engage with a machine that engages with an internal combustion engine that has a maximum engine RPM that is approximately the same as the limited maximum motor RPM.