The present invention relates to a secondary battery. The secondary battery according to the present invention may include an electrode assembly, an electrolyte, and a battery case configured to accommodate the electrode assembly and the electrolyte. The battery case may include a main body having accommodation space in which the electrode assembly and the electrolyte are accommodated, an additional electrolyte accommodation part having a storage space in which an additional electrolyte is accommodated, a connection part configured to form a moving passage through which the additional electrolyte is supplied from the addition electrolyte accommodation part to the main body, and an electrolyte impregnation member provided on the connection part and impregnated with the additional electrolyte.

Systems and techniques for measuring process characteristics including electrolyte distribution in a battery cell. A non-destructive method for analyzing a battery cell includes determining acoustic features at two or more locations of the battery cell, the acoustic features based on one or more of acoustic signals travelling through at least one or more portions of the battery cell during one or more points in time or responses to the acoustic signals obtained during one or more points in time, wherein the one or more points in time correspond to one or more stages of electrolyte distribution in the battery cell. One or more characteristics of the battery cell are determined based on the acoustic features at the two or more locations of the battery cell.

Systems and techniques for measuring process characteristics including electrolyte distribution in a battery cell. A non-destructive method for analyzing a battery cell includes determining acoustic features at two or more locations of the battery cell, the acoustic features based on one or more of acoustic signals travelling through at least one or more portions of the battery cell during one or more points in time or responses to the acoustic signals obtained during one or more points in time, wherein the one or more points in time correspond to one or more stages of electrolyte distribution in the battery cell. One or more characteristics of the battery cell are determined based on the acoustic features at the two or more locations of the battery cell.

The invention provides a method of storing varying or intermittent electrical energy and one or more of hydrogen (H.sub.2) and oxygen (O.sub.2) with an energy apparatus, the method comprising: providing the first cell aqueous liquid, the second cell aqueous liquid, and electrical power from an external power source to the functional unit thereby providing an electrically charged functional battery unit and one or more of hydrogen (H.sub.2) and oxygen (O.sub.2) stored in said storage system, wherein during at least part of a charging time the functional unit is charged at a potential difference between the first cell electrode and the second cell electrode of more than 1.37 V.

The invention provides a method of storing varying or intermittent electrical energy and one or more of hydrogen (H.sub.2) and oxygen (O.sub.2) with an energy apparatus, the method comprising: providing the first cell aqueous liquid, the second cell aqueous liquid, and electrical power from an external power source to the functional unit thereby providing an electrically charged functional battery unit and one or more of hydrogen (H.sub.2) and oxygen (O.sub.2) stored in said storage system, wherein during at least part of a charging time the functional unit is charged at a potential difference between the first cell electrode and the second cell electrode of more than 1.37 V.

A power storage module including: a stacked body that includes electrodes stacked along a first direction; a sealing body that includes a first sealing portion joined to an edge portion of each of the electrodes, forms an inner space between the electrodes adjacent to each other, and seals the inner space; and an electrolytic solution that is stored in the inner space and includes an alkali solution. The electrodes include bipolar electrodes, and a negative terminal electrode. The power storage module includes surplus spaces different from the inner space on a route of an alkali creep phenomenon in which the electrolytic solution reaches the outside from the inner space through the negative terminal electrode.

Embodiments of the present invention are directed to a liquid delivery apparatus. A non-limiting example of the apparatus includes a substrate including a cavity formed in a surface of the substrate. The apparatus can also include a membrane disposed on the surface of the substrate covering an opening of the cavity. The apparatus can also include a hydrophobic layer disposed on the membrane. The apparatus can also include a seal disposed between the membrane and the substrate, wherein the seal surrounds the opening of the cavity. The apparatus can also include an electrode layer coupled to the membrane.

Embodiments of the present invention are directed to a liquid delivery apparatus. A non-limiting example of the apparatus includes a substrate including a cavity formed in a surface of the substrate. The apparatus can also include a membrane disposed on the surface of the substrate covering an opening of the cavity. The apparatus can also include a hydrophobic layer disposed on the membrane. The apparatus can also include a seal disposed between the membrane and the substrate, wherein the seal surrounds the opening of the cavity. The apparatus can also include an electrode layer coupled to the membrane.

A battery device and a method for producing a battery device for a motor vehicle. In said method, a cooling base element and a battery module are provided, and the battery module is mounted on the cooling base element, forming at least one gap between a battery module region and a cooling base region. A filling device is then coupled to at least one filling opening of at least one filling tube, with the at least one filling tube extending into the at least one gap, and a heat conducting medium is introduced from the filling device through the filling tube into the at least one gap.

A battery device and a method for producing a battery device for a motor vehicle. In said method, a cooling base element and a battery module are provided, and the battery module is mounted on the cooling base element, forming at least one gap between a battery module region and a cooling base region. A filling device is then coupled to at least one filling opening of at least one filling tube, with the at least one filling tube extending into the at least one gap, and a heat conducting medium is introduced from the filling device through the filling tube into the at least one gap.