A secondary battery according to an embodiment includes a container, an electrolytic solution, a cathode and an anode, and a flow mechanism. The container includes an opening on a bottom surface thereof. The electrolytic solution is disposed in the container. The cathode and the anode are disposed in the electrolytic solution. The flow mechanism includes a generation part that is connected to the container via the opening and generates a gas bubble(s) in the container through the opening, and that causes the electrolytic solution to flow. A protrusion part that is positioned at an edge part of the opening and extends in upward and downward directions is disposed on the bottom surface.

An alkaline battery comprises an anode, a cathode, a separator disposed between the anode and the cathode, a barrier layer disposed between the anode and the cathode, and an electrolyte in fluid communication with the anode, the cathode, and the separator. The barrier layer is at least one of: an organic polymer film or a porous inorganic layer or combinations thereof.

This disclosure provides novel batteries, e.g., redox flow batteries, and methods of making and operating batteries. Certain embodiments include redox flow battery comprising: a housing; a first electrode disposed in the housing; a second electrode disposed in the housing and facing the first electrode, the first electrode is spaced from the second electrode by a gap without an intervening ion selective membrane; and a fluid conveyance mechanism connected to the housing and configured to convey an electrolyte across the gap between the first electrode and the second electrode.

The present disclosure pertains to motion-generating particles for desulfation of lead-acid batteries, lead-acid batteries including such motion-generating particles, and methods of making and using the same. For example, the present disclosure provides a lead-acid battery including one or more electroactive plates disposed within a casing; an electrolyte disposed within the casing and surrounding the electroactive plates; a plurality of ferromagnetic particles disposed with the electrolyte within the casing; and one or more electromagnets. The one or more electromagnets may be configured to direct a magnetic field towards the electrolyte to selectively cause movement of the plurality of ferromagnetic particles so as to agitate the electrolyte.

A liquid reserve battery including: a collapsible storage unit having a liquid electrolyte stored therein; a battery cell in communication with an outlet of the collapsible storage unit, the battery cell having gaps dispersed therein; a first pyrotechnic material partially disposed adjacent the collapsible storage unit such that initiation of the first pyrotechnic material provides pressure to collapse the collapsible storage unit to heat and force the liquid electrolyte through the outlet and into the gaps; and a tube disposed in the battery cell, wherein second pyrotechnic material is disposed in the tube, the tube being one of formed of an electrically non-conductive material or covered with an electrically non-conductive material.

A liquid reserve battery including: a collapsible storage unit having a liquid electrolyte stored therein; a battery cell in communication with an outlet of the collapsible storage unit, the battery cell having gaps dispersed therein; a first pyrotechnic material partially disposed adjacent the collapsible storage unit such that initiation of the first pyrotechnic material provides pressure to collapse the collapsible storage unit to heat and force the liquid electrolyte through the outlet and into the gaps; and a tube disposed in the battery cell, wherein second pyrotechnic material is disposed in the tube, the tube being one of formed of an electrically non-conductive material or covered with an electrically non-conductive material.

A liquid reserve battery including: a collapsible storage unit having a collapsible cavity for storing a liquid electrolyte therein; and a battery cell in communication with an outlet of the collapsible storage unit, the battery cell having gaps dispersed therein. Wherein the collapsible storage unit includes: a top plate having three or more first sides; a bottom plate having three or more second sides, each of the three or more first sides being angularly offset from a corresponding one of the three or more second sides about a central axis, the top plate being linearly offset from the bottom plate in a longitudinal direction along the central axis; and for each of the three of more first sides, first and second triangular sidewalls connecting the top plate bottom plate and each other.

A liquid reserve battery including: a collapsible storage unit having a collapsible cavity for storing a liquid electrolyte therein; and a battery cell in communication with an outlet of the collapsible storage unit, the battery cell having gaps dispersed therein. Wherein the collapsible storage unit includes: a top plate having three or more first sides; a bottom plate having three or more second sides, each of the three or more first sides being angularly offset from a corresponding one of the three or more second sides about a central axis, the top plate being linearly offset from the bottom plate in a longitudinal direction along the central axis; and for each of the three of more first sides, first and second triangular sidewalls connecting the top plate bottom plate and each other.

An electrochemical-type power supply source for use in marine environment, is provided with: an electrochemical stack, which generates electric power in the presence, internally, of an electrolytic fluid; a first tank, designed to contain electrolytic fluid at a first temperature; a second tank, designed to contain electrolytic fluid at a second temperature, lower than the first temperature; a thermostatic valve, that mixes electrolytic fluid at a lower temperature with electrolytic fluid at a higher temperature, for generating a mixed electrolytic fluid to be introduced into the electrochemical stack at a controlled temperature for generating a desired electric power. The electrochemical power supply is further provided with an auxiliary tank, adapted to contain electrolytic fluid at a third temperature, higher than the first temperature; and the thermostatic valve is connected to the auxiliary tank and receives, at an input, the electrolytic fluid at the third temperature.

An electrochemical-type power supply source for use in marine environment, is provided with: an electrochemical stack, which generates electric power in the presence, internally, of an electrolytic fluid; a first tank, designed to contain electrolytic fluid at a first temperature; a second tank, designed to contain electrolytic fluid at a second temperature, lower than the first temperature; a thermostatic valve, that mixes electrolytic fluid at a lower temperature with electrolytic fluid at a higher temperature, for generating a mixed electrolytic fluid to be introduced into the electrochemical stack at a controlled temperature for generating a desired electric power. The electrochemical power supply is further provided with an auxiliary tank, adapted to contain electrolytic fluid at a third temperature, higher than the first temperature; and the thermostatic valve is connected to the auxiliary tank and receives, at an input, the electrolytic fluid at the third temperature.