Flexible air-breathing microscale fuel cells are produced using ion exchange polymer membranes without silicon substrates or other rigid components. The microscale fuel cells provide long-life energy supply sources in portable electronics due to reduced volume, high energy density, and low cost. More particularly, the microscale fuel cell has a direct hydrogen flow-through porous anode electrode with a pair of air-breathing cathodes.

When a device mounted on a mask pack, and a mask pack and a kit including the device are used, the mask pack may be well attached onto an application site, for example, skin; delivery of a bioactive material via the skin may improve; and itching, pain, burning, and erythema that may occur during a process of delivering the bioactive material to the skin may be prevented by using the device including an electrode.

A rechargeable battery pack for a hand-held power tool, including a housing having at least first and second housing components, the pack including at least one cell holder, accommodating at least two battery cells in a parallel/series circuit, the battery cells each including two end faces extending perpendicularly to a longitudinal axis; and a pack electronics system including contact elements for establishing electrical connection between the pack and a power tool. The cell holder includes sleeve-like insulating walls, corresponding to the battery cells at least in some areas, to prevent electrical contact between the battery cells. A method for manufacturing a pack for a hand-held power tool, the cell holder including sleeve-like insulating walls, having cylindrical cell openings for accommodating the battery cells, the battery cells being pressed into the cell openings so that a form-locked and force-fit connection is established between the cell holder and the battery cells.

A fuel cell device with a rectangular solid ceramic substrate extending in length between first and second end surfaces where thermal expansion occurs primarily along the length. An active structure internal to the exterior surface extends along only a first portion of the length and has an anode, cathode and electrolyte therebetween. The first portion is heated to generate a fuel cell reaction. A remaining portion of the length is a non-heated, non-active section lacking opposing anode and cathode where heat dissipates along the remaining portion away from the first portion. A second portion of the length in the remaining portion is distanced away from the first portion such that its exterior surface is at low temperature when the first portion is heated. The anode and cathode have electrical pathways extending from the internal active structure to the exterior surface in the second portion for electrical connection at low temperature.

A method for manufacturing a unit cell for a fuel cell includes preparing a separator having a reaction area located to correspond to an anode or a cathode of the unit cell, a first protrusion protruding from the separator, and a second protrusion spaced apart from the first protrusion with the reaction area interposed therebetween. The method includes providing a passage configured to guide a reaction gas to flow in the reaction area, and arranging a porous passage having a height protruding to become farther away from the separator and to be higher than the first and second protrusions between the first and second protrusions in parallel. The method includes compressing the porous passage toward the separator. The porous passage is fixed to the separator via the first and second protrusions by a force applied between the porous passage and the protrusion as the passage is deformed or is apt to be deformed to be lengthened in a transverse direction due to the compression of the porous passage.

Portable device (1) for producing hydrogen from a hydrogen precursor and a liquid, this device comprisinga main chamber (2), intended for receiving said hydrogen precursor and said liquid, an additional chamber (6), intended for collecting the hydrogen thus produced, a separation membrane (5), defining said main chamber relative to said additional chamber, means (8) for discharging the hydrogen out of the additional chamber, and characterized in that it comprises heat exchange means (21), provided on at least one portion of the periphery of said main chamber. This device produces pure hydrogen which may supply a fuel cell.

The present disclosure relates to a method of generating energy. This method involves providing a fuel cell comprising anode and cathode electrodes; a separator positioned between the anode and cathode electrodes; and anode and cathode catalysts. The anode catalyst comprises (i) a low-loading of platinum group metals (PGMs) supported on a Group 4-6 transition metal carbide (TMC) or nitride (TMN); (ii) an alloy or physical mixture comprising a Group 10 transition metal selected from Pt, Pd, and Ni and one or more of the following elements: Pt, Pd, Ni, Ir, Rh, Ru, Fe, Re, Sn, W, Mo, Ta, and Nb; or (iii) mixtures thereof. According to the method, a liquid anode fuel comprising one or more hydrazide compounds is added to the fuel cell to generate energy from the liquid anode fuel. Also disclosed is a fuel cell for generating energy from a liquid anode fuel comprising one or more hydrazide compounds.

An energy system with hydration of magnesium hydride, including: a magnesium hydride storage tank, a Covapor unit, a storage battery, a hydrogen buffer and temperature regulation tank, a meter, a molecular sieve filter, a hydrogen fuel cell, an exhaust gas purifier, a water tank, and an air purifier. A water outlet of the hydrogen fuel cell is connected to a water inlet of the magnesium hydride storage tank. A hydrogen outlet of the magnesium hydride storage tank is connected to a hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell. A thermal conductive medium outlet of the magnesium hydride storage tank is connected to a jacket of the molecular sieve filter and the Covapor unit, respectively, and a jacket outlet of the molecular sieve filter and an outlet of the Covapor unit are respectively connected to a thermal conductive medium inlet of the magnesium hydride storage tank.

Flexible air-breathing microscale fuel cells are produced using ion exchange polymer membranes without silicon substrates or other rigid components. The microscale fuel cells provide long-life energy supply sources in portable electronics due to reduced volume, high energy density, and low cost. More particularly, the microscale fuel cell has a direct hydrogen flow-through porous anode electrode with a pair of air-breathing cathodes.

Disclosed is an energy self-sufficient real time bio-signal monitoring and nutrient and/or drug delivery system based on salinity gradient power generation. The energy self-sufficient real time bio-signal monitoring and/or nutrient delivery system based on salinity gradient power generation includes: an electricity generation and nutrient and/or drug delivery module including a reverse electrodialysis device which generates electricity by using a nutrient and/or drug solution and discharge a diluted nutrient solution; and a bio-signal measuring unit inserted into the electricity generation and nutrient and/or drug delivery module and configured to receive electricity from the electricity generation and nutrient and/or drug delivery module and measure a bio-signal.