A battery with excellent output characteristics and stability. The battery comprising a cathode, an anode and a separator disposed between the cathode and the anode, wherein the cathode comprises an aqueous electrolyte and a cathode active material; wherein the anode comprises an anode active material; wherein the separator comprises a first oxide electrolyte sintered body and a resin; wherein the first oxide electrolyte sintered body has grain boundaries between crystal particles of a garnet-type ion-conducting oxide represented by a general formula (A); wherein a number average particle diameter of the crystal particles is 3 μm or less; and wherein the first oxide electrolyte sintered body satisfies the following formula 1: R.sub.gb/(R.sub.b+R.sub.gb)≤0.6 where R.sub.b is an intragranular resistance value that is an ion conductivity resistance inside the crystal particles, and R.sub.gb is a grain boundary resistance value that is an ion conductivity resistance of the grain boundaries between the crystal particles.

A lithium cell, in particular a lithium-metal and/or lithium-ion solid electrolyte-liquid electrolyte hybrid cell, is described that includes an anode layer and a cathode layer. A separator layer is situated between the anode layer and the cathode layer. The cathode layer and/or the separator layer and/or the anode layer includes at least one solvent and/or at least one lithium conductive salt. To improve the rapid charge capacity of the cell, a dividing layer is situated between the cathode layer and the separator layer, which dividing layer is conductive for lithium ions and is impermeable for the at least one solvent of the cathode layer and/or of the separator layer and/or of the anode layer, and/or is impermeable for lithium conductive salt anions of the at least one lithium conductive salt of the cathode layer and/or of the separator layer and/or of the anode layer.

An electrolyte membrane of a membrane-electrode assembly has improved chemical durability. The electrolyte membrane includes a composite, which includes an antioxidant in an ionic state and a first ionomer surrounding the antioxidant. The composite is dispersed in a second ionomer, which is a polymer matrix. A manufacturing method for the electrolyte membrane includes preparing an antioxidant solution, mixing the antioxidant solution and a first ionomer dispersion solution, drying the mixture to produce a composite having an antioxidant and a first ionomer surrounding the antioxidant, introducing and mixing the composite with a second ionomer dispersion solution, and applying that mixture to a substrate and drying the mixture to manufacture an electrolyte membrane.

Articles and methods for forming ceramic/polymer composite structures for electrode protection in electrochemical cells, including rechargeable lithium batteries, are presented.

A proton conductor includes a complex of phosphoric acid and a coordination polymer in which a metal ion and a ligand are continuously connected by a coordinate bond. The phosphoric acid includes a first phosphoric acid that is coordinately bonded to the metal ion, and a second phosphoric acid that is not coordinately bonded to the metal ion.

An electrode configuration for a battery cell includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The separator includes an electrically conductive protrusion inhibiting layer and a first insulating layer interposed between and electrically insulating the protrusion inhibiting layer from one of the positive and negative electrode.

An all solid battery includes: a solid electrolyte layer including solid electrolyte; a first electrode layer that is formed on a first main face of the solid electrolyte layer and includes an active material; and a second electrode layer that is formed on a second main face of the solid electrolyte layer and includes an active material, wherein the solid electrolyte layer includes polymer solid electrolyte including lithium salt, in a clearance of a sintered compact of phosphoric acid salt-based solid electrolyte.

A method for manufacturing a reinforced composite polymer electrolyte comprises: manufacturing a porous thin film, impregnating the porous thin film with an electrolyte, and irradiating the impregnated porous thin film with ultraviolet rays.

The manufactured reinforced composite polymer electrolyte may maintain the electrochemical performance thereof while stably maintaining a structure thereof against mechanical deformation such as folding, bending and rolling, and can be used for a flexible lithium secondary battery.

Development of a flexible battery based on periodate/iodate-zinc system is disclosed. H.sub.3PO.sub.4—KCl dual quasi-solid electrolytes separated by an anion-exchange-membrane maintain the desired pH in electrodes and block unwanted ion movements. Poly(acrylic acid) fortifies the electrodes, enhances electrode flexibility, and avoids the free-flow of liquids. The NaMnIO.sub.6 shows a specific capacity of 650 mAg.sup.−1, approximately 81% of its theoretical capacity even when cells are bent. The overall technology is scalable by printing methods.

The invention provides a metallopolymer coordination network comprising one or more coinage or similar metals and in some embodiments, a glyme or glyme-equivalent. The composition has an amorphous polymer network that is significantly stronger than previously reported supramolecular hydrogels synthesized without glyme. Glyme chain length and water content strongly influence the mechanical, electronic, and optical behavior of the network.