Antenna arrays and structures for propagating electromagnetic signals. A waveguide cross-section is disclosed that may be implemented as a hollow irregular hexagonal metal structure that receives an electromagnetic signal and propagates the electromagnetic signal through the hollow hexagonal metal structure. The waveguide may be fabricated using metal additive manufacturing techniques and include one or more downward facing and unsupported surfaces.

A ridge gap waveguide millimeter-wave crossover bridge structure device includes: an upper planar metal plate and a bottom planar metal plate arranged in parallel; a supporting structure fixedly arranged between the two planar metal plates; a ridge waveguide fixed on the upper surface of the bottom planar metal plate, with an air gap between the upper planar metal plate and the ridge waveguide; and a plurality of metal pins fixed on the upper surface of the bottom planar metal plate and evenly arranged around the ridge waveguide. The ridge waveguide includes two transmission lines arranged crosswise and four impedance transformation structures respectively connected to the ends of the two transmission lines. The distal end of each of the impedance transformation structures away from the connected transmission line is used to connect with external test equipment to be accommodated in four input ports in the bottom planar metal plate.

A hinge assembly for an electronic device. The hinge assembly includes a first component coupled to a second component by a cam. The cam includes a cylinder coupled to the first component and a bottom cap coupled to the second component by a fastener. The cylinder includes a first port and a second port, where an energy waveguide passes from the first component into the first port and through the second port into the second component. The first component rotates about an axis of rotation in relation to the second component from a first rotational position to a second rotational position. The first component is offset relative to the second component in the second rotational position. The offset includes a translation along an axis parallel to an axis of rotation and a rotation about the axis of rotation.

A hinge assembly for an electronic device. The hinge assembly includes a first component coupled to a second component by a cam. The cam includes a cylinder coupled to the first component and a bottom cap coupled to the second component by a fastener. The cylinder includes a first port and a second port, where an energy waveguide passes from the first component into the first port and through the second port into the second component. The first component rotates about an axis of rotation in relation to the second component from a first rotational position to a second rotational position. The first component is offset relative to the second component in the second rotational position. The offset includes a translation along an axis parallel to an axis of rotation and a rotation about the axis of rotation.

A waveguide microstrip line converter includes a waveguide, a dielectric substrate, a ground conductor including a slot, and a line conductor. The line conductor includes a first section that is a microstrip line having a first line width, a conversion unit that is a second section positioned immediately above the slot and having a second line width greater than the first line width, and a third section extending from the second section in a first direction and performing impedance matching between the first section and the second section. One of the opposite ends of the third section in the first direction is connected to the second section. The first section extends in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction continuously from the other end of the opposite ends of the third section.

A waveguide microstrip line converter includes a waveguide, a dielectric substrate, a ground conductor including a slot, and a line conductor. The line conductor includes a first section that is a microstrip line having a first line width, a conversion unit that is a second section positioned immediately above the slot and having a second line width greater than the first line width, and a third section extending from the second section in a first direction and performing impedance matching between the first section and the second section. One of the opposite ends of the third section in the first direction is connected to the second section. The first section extends in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction continuously from the other end of the opposite ends of the third section.

In-line filters may include a tubular metallic housing defining a single inner cavity that extends along a longitudinal axis and a plurality of resonators that are spaced apart along the longitudinal axis within the single inner cavity, each resonator having a stalk. The stalks of first and second of the resonators that are adjacent each other are rotated to have different angular orientations.

In-line filters may include a tubular metallic housing defining a single inner cavity that extends along a longitudinal axis and a plurality of resonators that are spaced apart along the longitudinal axis within the single inner cavity, each resonator having a stalk. The stalks of first and second of the resonators that are adjacent each other are rotated to have different angular orientations.

A microstrip antenna includes a first metal layer that constitutes an antenna element, a second metal layer that constitutes a ground, and a flexible member that separates the first metal layer and the second metal layer by a predetermined distance. The first metal layer and the second metal layer each are made of a metal or a metal foil. At least one of the first metal layer and the second metal layer is not adhered to the flexible member but is in close contact with the flexible member by a close contact unit. The close contact unit is a clamping mechanism including a first plate, a second plate, and a connecting member. The first plate and the second plate are connected to each other by the connecting member. The connecting member is an elastic body.

An object is to provide a transmission line having an air bridge structure in which grounding conductors of a transmission line are connected by wiring and which is stable in terms of mechanical strength by lowering an electrostatic capacitance in a region where the wirings connecting the central conductor and the grounding conductor intersect with each other. The transmission line includes a substrate, a first central conductor and a second central conductor that are formed on a surface of the substrate, a third central conductor that has a first erection portion and a second erection portion erected on the surface, and a first grounding conductor and a second grounding conductor. The transmission line further includes a third grounding conductor connecting the first grounding conductor and the second grounding conductor. The third central conductor and the third grounding conductor form an air bridge structure.