Described herein are iodine-based particles which can be used as contrast agents for x-ray radiology. Also described herein are methods, software modules and hardware modules for imaging iodine-based particles.

In some aspects, the present disclosure pertains to a polymer that comprises a plurality of polymeric arms, wherein a first portion of the polymeric arms each comprises a reactive end group and wherein a second portion of the polymeric arms each comprises a radiopaque aromatic moiety comprising a monocyclic or multicyclic aromatic structure having a plurality of radiopaque functional groups and a plurality of hydrophilic functional groups. In some aspects, the present disclosure pertains to systems comprising (a) a first composition comprising such a radiopaque polymer and (b) a second composition comprising a multifunctional compound that comprises reactive functional groups that are reactive with the reactive end group. In some aspects, the present disclosure pertains to crosslinked reaction products of (a) such a radiopaque polymer and (b) a multifunctional compound that comprises reactive functional groups that are reactive with the reactive end group.

In some aspects, the present disclosure pertains to a polymer that comprises a plurality of polymer arms, wherein a first portion of the polymer arms comprise a reactive end group and wherein a second portion of the polymer arms comprise a branched end group that comprise a plurality of covalently attached diagnostic and/or therapeutic groups, which may be, for example, radiocontrast groups or radioactive groups. Other aspects pertain to a system that comprises (a) a first composition comprising such a polymer and (b) a second composition comprising a multifunctional compound that comprises reactive functional groups that are reactive with the reactive end group of the multi-arm polymer. Still other aspects pertain to a crosslinked reaction product of (a) such a polymer and (b) a multifunctional compound that comprises functional groups that are reactive with the reactive end group of the multi-arm polymer.

Implantable materials may be used in an iatrogenic site. Applications include radioopaque materials for fiducial marking.

Described herein are compositions comprising, a polymer; a non-physiological solution; and a visualization agent; wherein the polymer is soluble in the non-physiological solution and insoluble at physiological conditions. Methods of preparing the compositions are disclosed as well as methods of using these compositions to treat vascular conditions.

Polymeric compositions are described comprising a biocompatible polymer including a biodegradable linkage to a visualization agent and a non-physiological solution; wherein the biocompatible polymer is soluble in the non-physiological solution and insoluble in a physiological solution. Methods of forming the solutions and polymers are disclosed as well as methods of therapeutic use.

Multivalent CT or MR contrast agents and methods of making and using thereof are described herein. The agents contain a moiety, such as a polymer, that provides multivalent attachment of CT or MR contrast agents. Examples include, but are not limited to, multivalent linear polymers, branched polymers, or hyperbranched polymers, such as dendrimers, and combinations thereof. The dendrimer is functionalized with one or more high Z-elements, such as iodine. The high Z-elements can be covalently or non-covalently bound to the dendrimer. The dendrimers are confined in order to enhance CT contrast. In some embodiments, the moiety is confined by encapsulating the dendrimers in a material to form particles, such as nanoparticles. In other embodiments, the dendrimer is confined by conjugating the moiety to a material, such as a polymer, which forms a gel upon contact with bodily fluids.

The present disclosure relates to radiopaque PVA polymers where the PVA has a first pendant group and a second pendant group, wherein the first pendant group comprises a first phenyl group bearing 1 to 5 iodine atoms, and the second pendant group comprises either (a) a second phenyl group bearing 1 to 3 substituents selected from the group W and optionally 1 to 4 iodine substituents, the group(s) W and the optional iodines being the sole substituents of the second phenyl group. Each W is selected from OH, COOH, SO.sub.3H, OPO.sub.3H.sub.2, O(C.sub.1-4alkyl), O(C.sub.1-4alkyl)OH, O(C.sub.1-4alkyl)R.sup.2, O(C.sub.2H.sub.5O).sub.qR.sup.1(CO)OC.sub.1-4alkyl and O(CO)C.sub.1-4alkyl; wherein R.sup.1 is H or C.sub.1-4 alkyl; R.sup.2 is COOH, SO.sub.3H, or OPO.sub.3H.sub.2; q is an integer from 1 to 4; wherein the group W may be in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt; or (b) a pyridyl group; which is optionally in the form of a pyridinium ion.

Polymeric compositions are described comprising a biocompatible polymer including a biodegradable linkage to a visualization agent and a non-physiological solution; wherein the biocompatible polymer is soluble in the non-physiological solution and insoluble in a physiological solution. Methods of forming the solutions and polymers are disclosed as well as methods of therapeutic use.

Radiopaque polymer compositions and methods for making the compositions are provided. These radiopaque polymer compositions include polymer compositions comprising a crosslinked polymer network, the network comprising a first repeating unit derived from a monofunctional monomer and a second repeating unit derived from a multifunctional non-iodinated monomer wherein neither of the two monomers is fluorinated. Devices formed from radiopaque polymer compositions are also provided.