There is presented a wireless device for dual-polarization beamforming. The wireless device comprises an antenna array. The antenna array comprises antenna elements of mutually orthogonal polarizations and a baseband chain. The antenna elements of both polarizations are operatively connected to the baseband chain. There is also presented a method for dual-polarization beamforming as performed by such a wireless device.

There is presented a wireless device for dual-polarization beamforming. The wireless device comprises an antenna array. The antenna array comprises antenna elements of mutually orthogonal polarizations and a baseband chain. The antenna elements of both polarizations are operatively connected to the baseband chain. There is also presented a method for dual-polarization beamforming as performed by such a wireless device.

A directional coupler includes: a main line; a sub line; a first switch, a first end of which is directly connected to one end of the sub line and a second end of which is connected to a first signal path that extends to an isolation port (ISO), which is a first port; and a second switch, a first end of which is directly connected to another end of the sub line and a second end of which is connected to a second signal path that extends to a coupling port (CPL), which is a second port.

A directional coupler includes: a main line; a sub line; a first switch, a first end of which is directly connected to one end of the sub line and a second end of which is connected to a first signal path that extends to an isolation port (ISO), which is a first port; and a second switch, a first end of which is directly connected to another end of the sub line and a second end of which is connected to a second signal path that extends to a coupling port (CPL), which is a second port.

An apparatus that is a voltage-controlled splitting and/or switching apparatus comprising a waveguide for a radio frequency signal comprising at least one input and at least two outputs, wherein the waveguide is a cavity waveguide or a polymer microwave fiber waveguide, and the waveguide comprises at least a first branch and a second branch, at least one element comprising voltage reactive material in between electrodes and extending, at least partly, across at least one of the first branch and the second branch, and a voltage control caused to apply voltage to the at least one element.

A high-frequency switch includes an input interface configured to receive a high-frequency signal; an output interface configured to output the high-frequency signal to outside; and a reactance switch inserted between the input interface and the output interface. The reactance switch includes a plurality of reactance circuits connected in a cascade arrangement between the input interface and the output interface. Each of the plurality of reactance circuits is configured to form a common passband for the high-frequency signal based on a reactance of a respective predetermined values, and at least one of the reactance circuits is a variable reactance circuit having a reactance which changes in response to a control signal input from the outside so that the passband of the variable reactance circuit changes.

Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a system having an antenna for launching, according to a signal, a first electromagnetic wave to induce a propagation of a second electromagnetic wave along a transmission medium, the second electromagnetic wave having a non-fundamental wave mode and a non-optical operating frequency. A reflective plate is spaced a distance behind the antenna relative to a direction of the propagation of the second electromagnetic wave. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a system having an antenna for launching, according to a signal, a first electromagnetic wave to induce a propagation of a second electromagnetic wave along a transmission medium, the second electromagnetic wave having a non-fundamental wave mode and a non-optical operating frequency. A reflective plate is spaced a distance behind the antenna relative to a direction of the propagation of the second electromagnetic wave. Other embodiments are disclosed.

A directional coupler includes a main line, a sub-line, a coupling terminal, a terminal circuit, a first switching circuit, and a second switching circuit. The first switching circuit and the second switching circuit respectively connects the first end and the second end of the sub-line alternately to the coupling terminal and to the terminal circuit. The first switching circuit connects the first end to the coupling terminal at a time that differs from a time at which the first switching circuit disconnects the first end from the terminal circuit. The first switching circuit disconnects the first end from the coupling terminal at a time that differs from a time at which the first switching circuit connects the first end to the terminal circuit.

A directional coupler includes a main line, a sub-line, a coupling terminal, a terminal circuit, a first switching circuit, and a second switching circuit. The first switching circuit and the second switching circuit respectively connects the first end and the second end of the sub-line alternately to the coupling terminal and to the terminal circuit. The first switching circuit connects the first end to the coupling terminal at a time that differs from a time at which the first switching circuit disconnects the first end from the terminal circuit. The first switching circuit disconnects the first end from the coupling terminal at a time that differs from a time at which the first switching circuit connects the first end to the terminal circuit.