A nonreciprocal device includes a waveguide through which waves at a first frequency propagate with a first wavevector and with a second wavevector in a direction opposite to the first wavevector; a frequency-dependent device that operates within a frequency range and modifies the waves through the waveguide in a way that is dependent on the first frequency; and a set of couplers to couple the waveguide and the frequency-dependent device. Coupling rates of the set of couplers are modulated to enable nonreciprocal coupling, with respect to the frequency-dependent device, of the first wavevector compared to the second wavevector.

A nonreciprocal device includes a waveguide through which waves at a first frequency propagate with a first wavevector and with a second wavevector in a direction opposite to the first wavevector; a frequency-dependent device that operates within a frequency range and modifies the waves through the waveguide in a way that is dependent on the first frequency; and a set of couplers to couple the waveguide and the frequency-dependent device. Coupling rates of the set of couplers are modulated to enable nonreciprocal coupling, with respect to the frequency-dependent device, of the first wavevector compared to the second wavevector.

An irreversible circuit element that can reduce manufacturing costs by preventing faults that lead to product defects includes a magnetic body, a magnetic body securing casing, and a magnet. The magnetic body securing casing is arranged so as to surround the magnetic body. The magnet is arranged on one side of the magnetic body. The magnetic body securing casing includes a first electrode on one casing main surface arranged on the one side, a second electrode on the other casing main surface arranged on the other side opposite to the one side, and a through-conductor that passes through the magnetic body securing casing and electrically connects the first electrode to the second electrode. The first electrode is connected to a first wiring arranged on the one side of the magnetic body.

An irreversible circuit element that can reduce manufacturing costs by preventing faults that lead to product defects includes a magnetic body, a magnetic body securing casing, and a magnet. The magnetic body securing casing is arranged so as to surround the magnetic body. The magnet is arranged on one side of the magnetic body. The magnetic body securing casing includes a first electrode on one casing main surface arranged on the one side, a second electrode on the other casing main surface arranged on the other side opposite to the one side, and a through-conductor that passes through the magnetic body securing casing and electrically connects the first electrode to the second electrode. The first electrode is connected to a first wiring arranged on the one side of the magnetic body.

Disclosed is a lumped center conductor assembly comprising a center conductor main body. A gyromagnetic sheet is provided on the center conductor main body; the center conductor main body and the gyromagnetic sheet are both a polygonal structure symmetrical along a central axis thereof; and there are three conductor legs in an annular array on sides of the center conductor main body. According to the present invention, the three conductor legs are bent twice to naturally form required included angles, without the need of using a complex and high-cost tooling fixture for correction. According to the present invention, the three conductor legs are vertically bent upwards and are in close contact with side walls of the gyromagnetic sheet, thereby solving the problem of insufficient contact between the conductor legs and the side surface of the gyromagnetic sheet.

Disclosed is a lumped center conductor assembly comprising a center conductor main body. A gyromagnetic sheet is provided on the center conductor main body; the center conductor main body and the gyromagnetic sheet are both a polygonal structure symmetrical along a central axis thereof; and there are three conductor legs in an annular array on sides of the center conductor main body. According to the present invention, the three conductor legs are bent twice to naturally form required included angles, without the need of using a complex and high-cost tooling fixture for correction. According to the present invention, the three conductor legs are vertically bent upwards and are in close contact with side walls of the gyromagnetic sheet, thereby solving the problem of insufficient contact between the conductor legs and the side surface of the gyromagnetic sheet.

A non-reciprocal mode converting SIW includes a first straight SIW section, a second straight SIW section, and a curved SIW section coupling the first straight SIW section to the second straight SIW section. The curved SIW section included magnetic biasing at opposed corner regions. The magnetic biasing and a curvature of the curved SIW section causes: (i) a wave in a first transverse electric (TE) mode that propagates in a forward direction from the first straight section through the curved SIW section into the second straight SIW section to convert to a second TE mode, and (ii) a wave in the first TE mode that propagates in a reverse direction from the second straight SIW section through the curved SIW section into the first straight SIW section to maintain the first TE mode.

A non-reciprocal mode converting SIW includes a first straight SIW section, a second straight SIW section, and a curved SIW section coupling the first straight SIW section to the second straight SIW section. The curved SIW section included magnetic biasing at opposed corner regions. The magnetic biasing and a curvature of the curved SIW section causes: (i) a wave in a first transverse electric (TE) mode that propagates in a forward direction from the first straight section through the curved SIW section into the second straight SIW section to convert to a second TE mode, and (ii) a wave in the first TE mode that propagates in a reverse direction from the second straight SIW section through the curved SIW section into the first straight SIW section to maintain the first TE mode.

A non-reciprocal mode converting SIW includes a first straight SIW section, a second straight SIW section, and a curved SIW section coupling the first straight SIW section to the second straight SIW section. The curved SIW section included magnetic biasing at opposed corner regions. The magnetic biasing and a curvature of the curved SIW section causes: (i) a wave in a first transverse electric (TE) mode that propagates in a forward direction from the first straight section through the curved SIW section into the second straight SIW section to convert to a second TE mode, and (ii) a wave in the first TE mode that propagates in a reverse direction from the second straight SIW section through the curved SIW section into the first straight SIW section to maintain the first TE mode.

According to an embodiment, a method includes receiving a magnetic device design comprising a magnetic structure to be formed, at least in part, from a magnetic material matrix, wherein the magnetic material matrix is configured to be used in at least one of a magnetic materials additive manufacturing system (MMAMS) and a magnetic materials bulk extrusion system (MMBES); receiving the magnetic material matrix by at least one of the MMAMS and the MMBES; and dispensing the magnetic material matrix using at least one of the MMAMS and the MMBES to form the magnetic structure.