This tag reader can be applied to a chipless RFID tag having a plurality of resonance frequencies that are associated with identification information. The tag reader is provided with: a radiation unit that radiates electromagnetic waves within a predetermined millimeter wave or microwave frequency band so as to cause sweeping of the radiation frequency; and a detection unit that detects the plurality of resonance frequencies of a chipless RFID tag on the basis of the reflection characteristics of waves reflected from the chipless RFID tag when the electromagnetic waves are radiated.

Aspects of the disclosure include commanding an antenna to a first orientation relative to a structure that the antenna is mounted to, obtaining at least one measurement from at least one sensor, wherein the at least one measurement represents a first magnitude and a first direction of a displacement of the antenna relative to the first orientation, determining that the displacement of the antenna relative to the first orientation exceeds a threshold in terms of the first magnitude, the first direction, or a combination thereof, responsive to the determining that the displacement of the antenna relative to the first orientation exceeds the threshold, identifying at least one piezoelectric device to engage to cause the antenna to assume a second orientation relative to the structure, and responsive to the identifying, commanding the at least one piezoelectric device to engage to cause the antenna to assume the second orientation.

Aspects of the disclosure include commanding an antenna to a first orientation relative to a structure that the antenna is mounted to, obtaining at least one measurement from at least one sensor, wherein the at least one measurement represents a first magnitude and a first direction of a displacement of the antenna relative to the first orientation, determining that the displacement of the antenna relative to the first orientation exceeds a threshold in terms of the first magnitude, the first direction, or a combination thereof, responsive to the determining that the displacement of the antenna relative to the first orientation exceeds the threshold, identifying at least one piezoelectric device to engage to cause the antenna to assume a second orientation relative to the structure, and responsive to the identifying, commanding the at least one piezoelectric device to engage to cause the antenna to assume the second orientation.

A substrate type antenna for conducting signal transmitting/receiving using two (2) antennas, each having almost a same resonance frequency band, wherein each of the two (2) antennas applies therein a spiral antenna having an antenna side coupling pattern, which is positioned to face to a power supply point side coupling pattern, and a spiral antenna having a spiral antenna pattern, which is coupled to the antenna side coupling pattern, and wherein those two (2) antennas are positioned in such a manner that extending directions of the facing end portions, being closest to each other in the spiral antenna patterns of those two (2) antennas, are not aligned to each other, but are shifted in different directions.

A substrate type antenna for conducting signal transmitting/receiving using two (2) antennas, each having almost a same resonance frequency band, wherein each of the two (2) antennas applies therein a spiral antenna having an antenna side coupling pattern, which is positioned to face to a power supply point side coupling pattern, and a spiral antenna having a spiral antenna pattern, which is coupled to the antenna side coupling pattern, and wherein those two (2) antennas are positioned in such a manner that extending directions of the facing end portions, being closest to each other in the spiral antenna patterns of those two (2) antennas, are not aligned to each other, but are shifted in different directions.

An antenna module is provided, which includes a first antenna set and a second antenna set. The first antenna set includes a first transmitter end and a first receiver end, and provides a detection range, less than or substantially equal to 180, in the direction of a first plane. The second antenna set includes a second transmitter end and a second receiver end, and provides a detection range, substantially equal to 180, in the direction of a second plane. The polarization direction of the first antenna set is perpendicular to the polarization direction of the second antenna set; the first plane, the second plane and the plane where the antenna module is disposed are perpendicular to one another.

An antenna module is provided, which includes a first antenna set and a second antenna set. The first antenna set includes a first transmitter end and a first receiver end, and provides a detection range, less than or substantially equal to 180, in the direction of a first plane. The second antenna set includes a second transmitter end and a second receiver end, and provides a detection range, substantially equal to 180, in the direction of a second plane. The polarization direction of the first antenna set is perpendicular to the polarization direction of the second antenna set; the first plane, the second plane and the plane where the antenna module is disposed are perpendicular to one another.

Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a system having a first plurality of transmitters for launching according to a signal, first electromagnetic waves, and a second plurality of transmitters for launching, according to the signal, second electromagnetic waves. The first electromagnetic waves and the second electromagnetic waves combine at an interface of a transmission medium to induce a propagation of a third electromagnetic wave, the third electromagnetic wave having a non-fundamental wave mode and a non-optical operating frequency, and wherein the second plurality of transmitters are spaced apart from the first plurality of transmitters in a direction of propagation of the third electromagnetic wave. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a system having a first plurality of transmitters for launching according to a signal, first electromagnetic waves, and a second plurality of transmitters for launching, according to the signal, second electromagnetic waves. The first electromagnetic waves and the second electromagnetic waves combine at an interface of a transmission medium to induce a propagation of a third electromagnetic wave, the third electromagnetic wave having a non-fundamental wave mode and a non-optical operating frequency, and wherein the second plurality of transmitters are spaced apart from the first plurality of transmitters in a direction of propagation of the third electromagnetic wave. Other embodiments are disclosed.

An antenna arrangement for LOS-MIMO communication, comprising first and second directive antenna units, a mounting bracket, and a connecting element attached to at least one of the directive antenna units and arranged to separate the directive antenna units by a distance. The connecting element is rotatably arranged in relation to the mounting bracket, wherein a rotation of the connecting element about the rotation axis changes an effective distance d between the first and the second directive antenna units.