A method performed by a network node for determining a beam to be transmitted to at least a first User Equipment, UE is provided. The network node determines (903) a beam to be transmitted to at least a first UE based on an obtained average spatial profile of radiated power in each direction. The average spatial profile of radiated power is based on an spatial profile of radiated power averaged over any one or more out of a frequency interval and a time interval.

A multi-band software defined antenna array tile including a set of pairs of frequency converters associated with a respective coupled dipole array antenna element and comprising a principal polarization converter for applying an oscillating signal to a first partial beam-formed data stream to generate an oscillating partial beam-formed data stream, where the oscillating signal is associated with an oscillating signal frequency received from a memory operatively connected to a system controller. The principal polarization converter applies a three-stage halfband filter to the first oscillating partial beam-formed data stream to generate a filtered partial beam-formed data stream, applies time delay to the filtered partial beam-formed data stream to generate a first partial beam and transmits a partial beam along with other partial beams to a digital software system interface through a data transport bus.

A multi-band software defined antenna array tile including a set of pairs of frequency converters associated with a respective coupled dipole array antenna element and comprising a principal polarization converter for applying an oscillating signal to a first partial beam-formed data stream to generate an oscillating partial beam-formed data stream, where the oscillating signal is associated with an oscillating signal frequency received from a memory operatively connected to a system controller. The principal polarization converter applies a three-stage halfband filter to the first oscillating partial beam-formed data stream to generate a filtered partial beam-formed data stream, applies time delay to the filtered partial beam-formed data stream to generate a first partial beam and transmits a partial beam along with other partial beams to a digital software system interface through a data transport bus.

Antenna array and phased array system including a first and second antenna group, wherein the first antenna group includes two or more first antennas, and the second antenna group includes two or more second antennas, where in a first plane the one or more first and second antennas point in the same direction, and in a second plane, perpendicular to the first plane the one or more first antennas of the first antenna group are squinted by orientation away from the one or more second antennas of the second antenna group.

Antenna array and phased array system including a first and second antenna group, wherein the first antenna group includes two or more first antennas, and the second antenna group includes two or more second antennas, where in a first plane the one or more first and second antennas point in the same direction, and in a second plane, perpendicular to the first plane the one or more first antennas of the first antenna group are squinted by orientation away from the one or more second antennas of the second antenna group.

Systems and methods are provided for a digital beamformed phased array feed. The system may include a radome configured to allow electromagnetic waves to propagate; a multi-band software defined antenna array tile; a power and clock management subsystem configured to manage power and time of operation; a thermal management subsystem configured to dissipate heat generated by the multi-band software defined antenna array tile; and an enclosure assembly. The multi-band software defined antenna array tile may include a plurality of coupled dipole array antenna elements; a plurality of frequency converters; and a plurality of digital beamformers.

Systems and methods are provided for a digital beamformed phased array feed. The system may include a radome configured to allow electromagnetic waves to propagate; a multi-band software defined antenna array tile; a power and clock management subsystem configured to manage power and time of operation; a thermal management subsystem configured to dissipate heat generated by the multi-band software defined antenna array tile; and an enclosure assembly. The multi-band software defined antenna array tile may include a plurality of coupled dipole array antenna elements; a plurality of frequency converters; and a plurality of digital beamformers.

Systems, devices, and methods for determining and applying true time delay (TTD) values for compensating for free-space path length differences between a phased array and a reflector in wideband communication are disclosed. TTD values are determined for individual and groups of antenna elements in phased array fed reflector (PAFR) antennas based distances from a focal region of the reflector. The distance from the focal region of the reflector and the offset of the phased array from the reflectors focal plane can be used to determine path length differences. Corresponding TTD values for antenna elements are then determined based on the path length difference associated with the antenna elements. Each antenna element can be coupled to a TTD element to provide the corresponding TTD value to the signals received by and generated by the antenna elements of the phased array. The TTD elements include transverse electromagnetic (TEM) mode mechanisms.

Antennas oriented at a first orientation toward an area of interest can transform radar signals through a first transformation that physically maps the plurality of radar signals with a plurality of unique beam angles corresponding to a plurality of unique frequencies. Antennas oriented at a second orientation toward the area of interest can transform radar signals through a second transformation completing the first transformation. A frequency scan can be performed on a first plurality of responses to first radar signals to identify first spatial data along a first dimension. Second spatial data at second spatial location along a second dimension can be created from a second plurality of responses corresponding to the second transformation. An image can be generated using the first spatial data and the second spatial data while a range value of the area of interest can be determined using the first plurality of responses.

Antennas oriented at a first orientation toward an area of interest can transform radar signals through a first transformation that physically maps the plurality of radar signals with a plurality of unique beam angles corresponding to a plurality of unique frequencies. Antennas oriented at a second orientation toward the area of interest can transform radar signals through a second transformation completing the first transformation. A frequency scan can be performed on a first plurality of responses to first radar signals to identify first spatial data along a first dimension. Second spatial data at second spatial location along a second dimension can be created from a second plurality of responses corresponding to the second transformation. An image can be generated using the first spatial data and the second spatial data while a range value of the area of interest can be determined using the first plurality of responses.