Antenna systems with both single-ended and differential signal feeds are provided herein. In certain embodiments, a mobile device includes a front end system including a first radio frequency signal conditioning circuit configured to condition a first radio frequency signal that is single-ended and of a first frequency, and a second radio frequency signal conditioning circuit configured to condition a second radio frequency signal that is differential and of a second frequency. The mobile device further includes an antenna including a first signal feed connected to the first radio frequency signal conditioning circuit and a pair of second signal feeds connected to the second radio frequency signal conditioning circuit.

Antenna systems with both single-ended and differential signal feeds are provided herein. In certain embodiments, a mobile device includes a front end system including a first radio frequency signal conditioning circuit configured to condition a first radio frequency signal that is single-ended and of a first frequency, and a second radio frequency signal conditioning circuit configured to condition a second radio frequency signal that is differential and of a second frequency. The mobile device further includes an antenna including a first signal feed connected to the first radio frequency signal conditioning circuit and a pair of second signal feeds connected to the second radio frequency signal conditioning circuit.

An antenna unit, an antenna system and an electronic device are provided. The antenna unit includes: a helical antenna with a three-dimensional structure, wherein the helical antenna is disposed on an edge region of a carrier board, and includes at least one turn of helical coil, wherein each of the at least one turn of helical coil includes multiple helical segments that are not in a same plane, and the multiple helical segments are respectively disposed in multiple layers of the carrier board. The antenna system includes a carrier board, a first antenna array and a second antenna array, wherein the first antenna array is disposed in a middle region of the carrier board and includes multiple patch units, the second antenna array includes at least one above antenna unit, and the helical antenna of the antenna unit is disposed at the edge region of the carrier board.

An antenna unit, an antenna system and an electronic device are provided. The antenna unit includes: a helical antenna with a three-dimensional structure, wherein the helical antenna is disposed on an edge region of a carrier board, and includes at least one turn of helical coil, wherein each of the at least one turn of helical coil includes multiple helical segments that are not in a same plane, and the multiple helical segments are respectively disposed in multiple layers of the carrier board. The antenna system includes a carrier board, a first antenna array and a second antenna array, wherein the first antenna array is disposed in a middle region of the carrier board and includes multiple patch units, the second antenna array includes at least one above antenna unit, and the helical antenna of the antenna unit is disposed at the edge region of the carrier board.

A method includes separating phase of Local Oscillator (LO) signals generated by individual Voltage Controlled Oscillators (VCOs) of a coupled VCO array through varying voltage levels of voltage control inputs thereto. The method also includes frequency multiplying an output of each individual VCO of the coupled VCO array to increase a range of phase differences between the phase separated LO signals generated by the individual VCOs. Further, the method includes mixing the frequency multiplied outputs of the individual VCOs with signals from antenna elements of an antenna array to introduce differential phase shifts in signal paths coupled to the antenna elements during performing beamforming with the antenna array.

A method includes separating phase of Local Oscillator (LO) signals generated by individual Voltage Controlled Oscillators (VCOs) of a coupled VCO array through varying voltage levels of voltage control inputs thereto. The method also includes frequency multiplying an output of each individual VCO of the coupled VCO array to increase a range of phase differences between the phase separated LO signals generated by the individual VCOs. Further, the method includes mixing the frequency multiplied outputs of the individual VCOs with signals from antenna elements of an antenna array to introduce differential phase shifts in signal paths coupled to the antenna elements during performing beamforming with the antenna array.

A method for antenna calibration is disclosed, the method including driving calibration signals for antenna array beam calibration to an antenna array feeder line in a transceiver front end unit by using one or more directional couplers and/or radio frequency probes, wherein calibration signal paths are integrated inside the transceiver front end unit. Measurements are carried out on the calibration signals, between different antenna combinations inside the antenna array. Based on collected measurement data, calibration information is calculated for each measurement branch of the antenna array by using a mathematical formula. Active antenna array beam calibration is then performed based on the calculated calibration information.

A compact antenna apparatus for a mobile communication system includes: a radome having at least one frequency band radiating element provided therein; at least one phase shifter portion which is provided in an inner side of the radome and which is connected to the radiating element to adjust a tilting angle of the radiating element; and a rotary knob portion which is provided so as to be exposed to the outside of the radome and which is directly coupled to the phase shifter portion to drive a phase shifter.

A compact antenna apparatus for a mobile communication system includes: a radome having at least one frequency band radiating element provided therein; at least one phase shifter portion which is provided in an inner side of the radome and which is connected to the radiating element to adjust a tilting angle of the radiating element; and a rotary knob portion which is provided so as to be exposed to the outside of the radome and which is directly coupled to the phase shifter portion to drive a phase shifter.

A terrestrial high frequency data communication system and method for implementing a pointing algorithm for endpoint nodes are described. The system includes an aggregation node and one or more endpoint nodes. In one example, a pointing direction for an endpoint node is determined based on a number of packet error rate (PER) measurements associated with a high frequency data communication link between the endpoint node and an aggregation node. Preferably, the endpoint node includes a steerable antenna module that includes one or more antennas. The steerable antenna module is configured to receive an azimuth value and an elevation value determined based on PER measurements associated with the high frequency data communication link, and to steer its one or more antennas based on the azimuth value and the elevation value to point to the aggregation node.