A system and method for optimizing the performance for MIMO are provided, the system including multiple antennas, including at least one modal antenna, wherein each of the at least one modal antenna has multiple modes corresponding to multiple radiation patterns, and a processor coupled to the multiple antennas and configured to select a mode among the multiple modes to optimize signal quality for each time interval based on a CQI by considering envelop correlation effects.

A liquid crystal device includes a first substrate (TFT substrate) including a first dielectric substrate, a second substrate (slot substrate) including a second dielectric substrate, a liquid crystal layer provided between the first substrate and the second substrate and in all of an effective region and a portion of a non-effective region, a sealing seal portion configured to define the maximum value of the area of the liquid crystal layer when viewed from a normal direction of the first or second dielectric substrate, a cell gap control seal portion configured to define the minimum value of the thickness of the liquid crystal layer in the effective region, and a buffer portion provided in contact with the liquid crystal layer in the non-effective region and that deforms more easily due to external force than the first and second dielectric substrates in the effective region. The buffer portion includes a sheet and a joining section that joins the sheet and the first or second dielectric substrate. The sheet deforms more easily due to external force than the first and second dielectric substrates in the effective region, and/or at least a portion of the joining section deforms more easily due to external force than the cell gap control seal portion.

An antenna assembly includes a driven element, a first set of antenna elements disposed a first distance from the driven element such that each element of the first set of antenna elements is equidistant from adjacent elements of the first set of antenna elements, and a second set of antenna elements disposed a second distance from the driven element such that each element of the second set of antenna elements is equidistant from adjacent elements of the second set of antenna elements, the second distance being larger than the first distance. The antenna assembly includes or is operably coupled to a selector module configured to select one element of the first set of antenna elements as a selected director, and select one element of the second set of antenna elements as a selected reflector by effectively shortening a length of the selected director and effectively lengthening the selected reflector.

An antenna apparatus includes a ground pattern having a through-hole; an antenna pattern disposed above the ground pattern and configured to either one or both of transmit and receive a radio-frequency (RF) signal; a feed via penetrating through the through-hole and having one end electrically connected to the antenna pattern; and a meta member comprising a plurality of cells repeatedly arranged and spaced apart from each other, each of the plurality of cells comprising a plurality of conductive patterns, and at least one conductive via electrically connecting the plurality of conductive patterns to each other, wherein the meta member is disposed along at least portions of side boundaries of the antenna pattern above the ground pattern, and extends above the antenna pattern.

An antenna apparatus includes a ground pattern having a through-hole; an antenna pattern disposed above the ground pattern and configured to either one or both of transmit and receive a radio-frequency (RF) signal; a feed via penetrating through the through-hole and having one end electrically connected to the antenna pattern; and a meta member comprising a plurality of cells repeatedly arranged and spaced apart from each other, each of the plurality of cells comprising a plurality of conductive patterns, and at least one conductive via electrically connecting the plurality of conductive patterns to each other, wherein the meta member is disposed along at least portions of side boundaries of the antenna pattern above the ground pattern, and extends above the antenna pattern.

Antennas and methods for using the same are described. In one embodiment, the antenna comprises an aperture having a plurality of radio-frequency (RF) radiating antenna elements, the plurality of RF radiating antenna elements being grouped into three or more sets of RF radiating antenna elements, with each set being separately controlled to generate a beam at a frequency band in a first mode.

An antenna device (100) includes an antenna element (102) for emitting and receiving electromagnetic waves, a reflector (104) for reflecting the electromagnetic waves emitted from the antenna element (102), and a substrate (106) on which the antenna element (102) and the reflector (104) are positioned. The substrate (106) defines a main extension plane (108) extending along a horizontal direction (Y) and a lateral direction (X), wherein a vertical direction (Z) extends perpendicular to the horizontal direction (Y) and the lateral direction (X), and thus perpendicular to the main extension plane (108). The reflector (104) has a concave shape (112) in the vertical direction (Z) thereby spatially narrowing in the vertical direction (Z) the electromagnetic waves emitted by the antenna element (102), and has a convex shape (110) in the horizontal direction (Y) thereby spatially widening in the horizontal direction (Y) the electromagnetic waves emitted by the antenna element (102).

An antenna device (100) includes an antenna element (102) for emitting and receiving electromagnetic waves, a reflector (104) for reflecting the electromagnetic waves emitted from the antenna element (102), and a substrate (106) on which the antenna element (102) and the reflector (104) are positioned. The substrate (106) defines a main extension plane (108) extending along a horizontal direction (Y) and a lateral direction (X), wherein a vertical direction (Z) extends perpendicular to the horizontal direction (Y) and the lateral direction (X), and thus perpendicular to the main extension plane (108). The reflector (104) has a concave shape (112) in the vertical direction (Z) thereby spatially narrowing in the vertical direction (Z) the electromagnetic waves emitted by the antenna element (102), and has a convex shape (110) in the horizontal direction (Y) thereby spatially widening in the horizontal direction (Y) the electromagnetic waves emitted by the antenna element (102).

A multi-band antenna includes a reflector that provides a ground plane, a first array of first radiating elements, each of the first radiating elements located on a front side of the reflector and configured to emit first electromagnetic radiation in a low frequency band, a second array of second radiating elements, each of the second radiating elements located on the front side of the reflector and configured to emit second electromagnetic radiation in a high frequency band, and an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) plane that is located between the reflector and a radiator of the first radiating element and between the reflector and a radiator of the second radiating element. The AMC plane is configured to reflect the first electromagnetic radiation substantially in phase and to reflect the second electromagnetic radiation substantially in antiphase.

A multi-band antenna includes a reflector that provides a ground plane, a first array of first radiating elements, each of the first radiating elements located on a front side of the reflector and configured to emit first electromagnetic radiation in a low frequency band, a second array of second radiating elements, each of the second radiating elements located on the front side of the reflector and configured to emit second electromagnetic radiation in a high frequency band, and an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) plane that is located between the reflector and a radiator of the first radiating element and between the reflector and a radiator of the second radiating element. The AMC plane is configured to reflect the first electromagnetic radiation substantially in phase and to reflect the second electromagnetic radiation substantially in antiphase.