An antenna includes a first radiator, a second radiator, and a feed. The first radiator has a first feed point and a first ground point. The second radiator has a second feed point and a second ground point. The antenna further includes a connection line. The connection line has a first end and a second end that are opposite to each other. The first end is coupled to the first feed point of the first radiator, and the second end is coupled to the second feed point of the second radiator. A feeding point is disposed on the connection line, and the feeding point is coupled to the feed.

Tracker tags, smart tags, locator tags, and the like are provided. A portable tracker device, according to one implementation, includes a housing having a front cover and a back cover. The portable tracker device also includes Radio Frequency (RF) circuitry configured to operate within at least one of a Bluetooth (BT) frequency range and an Ultra-Wideband (UWB) frequency range. Also, the portable tracker device includes a piezoelectric device having a first conductive plate and a second conductive plate. The RF circuitry utilizes at least one of the front cover, the back cover, the first conductive plate, and the second conductive plate as one or more antennas.

A base station antenna includes a radome and an antenna assembly that is mounted within the radome. The antenna assembly includes a backplane that includes a first reflector, a first array that includes a plurality of first radiating elements mounted to extend forwardly from the first reflector, a second reflector mounted to extend forwardly from the first reflector and a second array that includes a plurality of second radiating elements mounted to extend forwardly from the second reflector. The first radiating elements extend a first distance forwardly from the first reflector and the second radiating elements extend a second distance forwardly from the second reflector, where the first distance exceeds the second distance.

A base station antenna includes a radome and an antenna assembly that is mounted within the radome. The antenna assembly includes a backplane that includes a first reflector, a first array that includes a plurality of first radiating elements mounted to extend forwardly from the first reflector, a second reflector mounted to extend forwardly from the first reflector and a second array that includes a plurality of second radiating elements mounted to extend forwardly from the second reflector. The first radiating elements extend a first distance forwardly from the first reflector and the second radiating elements extend a second distance forwardly from the second reflector, where the first distance exceeds the second distance.

An antenna and a base station including the antenna. The antenna includes a sub-array that includes first and second unit cells and a feed network. The first and second unit cells comprise first and second patches, respectively, having quadrilateral shapes. The feed network comprises a first transmission line terminating below first corners of the first and second patches, respectively; a second transmission line terminating below third corners of the first and second patches, respectively; a third transmission line terminating below a second corner of the first patch and a fourth corner of the second patch; and a fourth transmission line terminating below a fourth corner of the first patch and a second corner of the second patch. The first corners are opposite the third corners on the respective first and second patches and the second corners are opposite the fourth corners on the respective first and second patches.

An antenna and a base station including the antenna. The antenna includes a sub-array that includes first and second unit cells and a feed network. The first and second unit cells comprise first and second patches, respectively, having quadrilateral shapes. The feed network comprises a first transmission line terminating below first corners of the first and second patches, respectively; a second transmission line terminating below third corners of the first and second patches, respectively; a third transmission line terminating below a second corner of the first patch and a fourth corner of the second patch; and a fourth transmission line terminating below a fourth corner of the first patch and a second corner of the second patch. The first corners are opposite the third corners on the respective first and second patches and the second corners are opposite the fourth corners on the respective first and second patches.

Methods and systems are described for providing end-to-end beamforming. For example, end-to-end beamforming systems include end-to-end relays and ground networks to provide communications to user terminals located in user beam coverage areas. The ground segment can include geographically distributed access nodes and a central processing system. Return uplink signals, transmitted from the user terminals, have multipath induced by a plurality of receive/transmit signal paths in the end to end relay and are relayed to the ground network. The ground network, using beamformers, recovers user data streams transmitted by the user terminals from return downlink signals. The ground network, using beamformers generates forward uplink signals from appropriately weighted combinations of user data streams that, after relay by the end-end-end relay, produce forward downlink signals that combine to form user beams.

Methods and systems are described for providing end-to-end beamforming. For example, end-to-end beamforming systems include end-to-end relays and ground networks to provide communications to user terminals located in user beam coverage areas. The ground segment can include geographically distributed access nodes and a central processing system. Return uplink signals, transmitted from the user terminals, have multipath induced by a plurality of receive/transmit signal paths in the end to end relay and are relayed to the ground network. The ground network, using beamformers, recovers user data streams transmitted by the user terminals from return downlink signals. The ground network, using beamformers generates forward uplink signals from appropriately weighted combinations of user data streams that, after relay by the end-end-end relay, produce forward downlink signals that combine to form user beams.

Within a satellite communications system, a base station communicates with standard compliant user equipment (UE) via a satellite having a field of view. The base station has a processor that instructs the satellite to generate a wide beam signal covering a plurality of cells in the field of view, and detects an access request from a user equipment within the plurality of cells over the wide beam signal. The base station, comprising a processing device such as an eNodeB, then generates one or more network broadcast/access signals that is uplink to a satellite and broadcasted via one or more nominal beams generated by the satellite, covering all the inactive cells, one of the plurality of cells having the access request.

Within a satellite communications system, a base station communicates with standard compliant user equipment (UE) via a satellite having a field of view. The base station has a processor that instructs the satellite to generate a wide beam signal covering a plurality of cells in the field of view, and detects an access request from a user equipment within the plurality of cells over the wide beam signal. The base station, comprising a processing device such as an eNodeB, then generates one or more network broadcast/access signals that is uplink to a satellite and broadcasted via one or more nominal beams generated by the satellite, covering all the inactive cells, one of the plurality of cells having the access request.