The invention compensates for abnormal operating temperatures and/or abnormal behaviors of a holographic metasurface antenna (HMA) that is generating a beam based on a holographic function. The HMA is characterized with different holographic functions for a plurality of operating temperatures and a plurality of behaviors during the manufacturing process. The characterization of the HMA identifies different hologram functions that cause the HMA to generate more or less heat or exhibit more or less abnormal behavior while generating equivalent beams. Further, or more characterizations of a hologram function may be performed remotely after the HMA is installed in a real world environment. An operating temperature and/or a temperature gradient may be detected by temperature sensors physically located on a circuit board for the HMA.

Examples of radio-frequency identification (RFID) printer antennae are provided. For example, an example RFID printer antenna includes a plurality of axial RFID printer antenna segments and a plurality of oblique RFID printer antenna segments. In some examples, the plurality of axial RFID printer antenna segments are in parallel arrangements with one another. In some examples, each of the plurality of oblique RFID printer antenna segments connects two of the plurality of axial RFID printer antenna segments at oblique angles.

According to various embodiments, systems and methods for spatial sampling in proximity to the Nyquist limit in traveling-wave antenna systems are disclosed. An apparatus can include a traveling-wave antenna array comprising a plurality of adjacent traveling-wave antennas that each include a plurality of tunable elements that are spaced at, near, or above a Nyquist limit spacing to form an array of tunable elements. The apparatus also includes a phase diversity feed coupled to the traveling-wave antenna array that is configured to provide input to the traveling-wave antenna array including phase diverse input to two or more of the plurality of adjacent traveling-wave antennas. Further, the apparatus includes a plurality of grayscale tuning elements configured to tune the plurality of tunable elements along one or more ranges of one or more tuning variables to form one or more specific output radiation patterns through the traveling-wave antenna array based on the input.

According to various embodiments, systems and methods for spatial sampling in proximity to the Nyquist limit in traveling-wave antenna systems are disclosed. An apparatus can include a traveling-wave antenna array comprising a plurality of adjacent traveling-wave antennas that each include a plurality of tunable elements that are spaced at, near, or above a Nyquist limit spacing to form an array of tunable elements. The apparatus also includes a phase diversity feed coupled to the traveling-wave antenna array that is configured to provide input to the traveling-wave antenna array including phase diverse input to two or more of the plurality of adjacent traveling-wave antennas. Further, the apparatus includes a plurality of grayscale tuning elements configured to tune the plurality of tunable elements along one or more ranges of one or more tuning variables to form one or more specific output radiation patterns through the traveling-wave antenna array based on the input.

A multi-band antenna array includes a plurality of first antennas for resonating at a first band, and a plurality of second antennas for resonating at a second band. A frequency of the second band is higher than a frequency of the first band. Locations of the plurality of first antennas project to a plurality of grid-one positions on a surface; locations of the plurality of second antennas project to a plurality of grid-two positions on the surface. Among the grid-one positions, a second grid-one position is nearest to a first grid-one position by a first distance along a first direction. Among the grid-two positions, a first grid-two position and a second grid-two position are closest two to the first grid-one position. The first and second grid-two positions are separated by a second distance along a second direction; and, the first direction and the second direction are nonparallel.

A tank arrangement including a guided wave radar level gauge installed in a tank, and having a single wire transmission line probe extending through a passage through a conducting structure in the tank. Along the section of the probe that extends through the passage, the arrangement comprises a propagation field limiting structure adapted to reduce a propagation field of an electromagnetic signal propagating along the probe. With this design, the radial extension of the propagating field can be locally reduced so that a sufficient portion of the signal power is allowed to pass through the passage.

A tank arrangement including a guided wave radar level gauge installed in a tank, and having a single wire transmission line probe extending through a passage through a conducting structure in the tank. Along the section of the probe that extends through the passage, the arrangement comprises a propagation field limiting structure adapted to reduce a propagation field of an electromagnetic signal propagating along the probe. With this design, the radial extension of the propagating field can be locally reduced so that a sufficient portion of the signal power is allowed to pass through the passage.

A chip antenna includes a radiation portion having a block shape and a first surface and a second surface opposing each other, and configured to receive and radiate a feed signal as an electromagnetic wave; a first block made of a dielectric material and coupled to the first surface of the radiation portion; a second block made of a dielectric material and coupled to the second surface of the radiation portion; a ground portion having a block shape and coupled to the first block, and configured to reflect the electromagnetic wave radiated by the radiation portion back toward the radiation portion; and a director having a block shape and coupled to the second block, wherein an overall width of the ground portion, the first block, and the radiation portion is 2 mm or less, and the first block has a dielectric constant of 3.5 or more to 25 or less.

A cable type antenna is provided having a small-sized lightweight configuration and enabling specifying of a radiation region having a desired antenna length. The cable type antenna may be sectionalized into a first region on the power feeding circuit side and a second region on the leading end side. The cable type antenna of the present disclosure further comprises a balanced-to-unbalanced transformer element disposed between the first region and the second region, wherein the balanced-to-unbalanced transformer element includes an unbalanced-side terminal connected to the first region and a balanced-side terminal connected to the second region configured to allow the first region to serve as a non-radiation part and the second region to serve as a radiation part.

An antenna device is provided that can be designed easily and includes a flat antenna of which communication characteristics do not change significantly even when there exist metallic objects or the like in the surroundings. Moreover, the flat antenna is provided with an antenna-side signal line path conductor, an antenna-side first ground conductor, a matching circuit part, and an antenna-side connector part which are provided in an antenna-side insulator. The antenna device further includes a signal transmission cable that is provided with a radiation area setting part in the vicinity of a cable-side connector part. The antenna device is designed such that, by connecting the antenna-side connector part and the cable-side connector part to each other, substantially the entire surface of the flat antenna serves as a radiation part that radiates electromagnetic waves.