An apparatus and associated method are provided involving a housing having a periphery configured to operate as a second antenna, a third antenna, and a fourth antenna. The periphery includes a top wall having a first slot formed therein, a first side wall having a second slot formed therein, and a second side wall having a third slot formed therein. The top wall is arranged between the first side wall and the second side wall, and a top portion of the periphery is defined between the second slot and the third slot. The top portion is divided into a first top side portion and a second top side portion via the first slot. Further, the first top side portion operates as the second antenna, and the second top side portion operates as both the third antenna and the fourth antenna.

An apparatus and associated method are provided involving a housing having a periphery configured to operate as a second antenna, a third antenna, and a fourth antenna. The periphery includes a top wall having a first slot formed therein, a first side wall having a second slot formed therein, and a second side wall having a third slot formed therein. The top wall is arranged between the first side wall and the second side wall, and a top portion of the periphery is defined between the second slot and the third slot. The top portion is divided into a first top side portion and a second top side portion via the first slot. Further, the first top side portion operates as the second antenna, and the second top side portion operates as both the third antenna and the fourth antenna.

An antenna pane includes an electrically insulating substrate, an electrically conductive functional layer on a surface of the substrate, and an antenna structure, which includes an electrically conductive antenna layer for receiving and/or transmitting high-frequency antenna signals, the antenna layer being galvanically separated from the functional layer, wherein a high-frequency technical resistance between the antenna layer and the functional layer for high-frequency antenna signals is at least 10 ohm, wherein the antenna layer has a first connection region and the functional layer has a second connection region, and an insulating line that electrically divides the functional layer into a first and second functional layer zone that are galvanically separated from one another, but are coupled using high-frequency technology such that a high-frequency technical resistance for high-frequency antenna signals is less than 1 ohm, wherein the second connection region is contained in the second functional layer zone.

A method and apparatus for testing an antenna are described. In on embodiment, the antenna comprises: a memory; an antenna aperture with a plurality of electronically controlled radio frequency (RF) radiating antenna elements; a pattern generator, including one or more processors, to generate a plurality of patterns to apply to the antenna aperture during testing to cause the antenna to generate a beam in response to each pattern of the plurality of patterns while pointing at a satellite; a receiver to receive satellite signals from the satellite in response to generating beams with the aperture; a metric provider, including one or more processors, to generate one or more satellite signal metrics for the received satellite signals; and antenna parameter selector to select one or more parameters associated with beamforming based on the satellite signal metrics indicating antenna performance reached a predetermined level, wherein selection of the one or more parameters is for storage in the memory and used to generate a beam with the antenna aperture when performing data communication.

An electromagnetic tomographic system for imaging a human head includes a base, an imaging chamber, at least one ring of antennas, a plurality of antenna controllers, and an image processing computer system. The imaging chamber is supported on the base and defines an imaging domain in which the head is received. The antennas are supported by the imaging chamber and encircle the imaging domain. Each antenna controller includes radio frequency (RF) transmitter/receiver circuitry that is connected to an antenna, an intermediate frequency (IF) stage, and a baseband (BB) data processing stage. Data representative of the measure electromagnetic signals is output by the controllers and used for image processing.

An electromagnetic tomographic system for imaging a human head includes a base, an imaging chamber, at least one ring of antennas, a plurality of antenna controllers, and an image processing computer system. The imaging chamber is supported on the base and defines an imaging domain in which the head is received. The antennas are supported by the imaging chamber and encircle the imaging domain. Each antenna controller includes radio frequency (RF) transmitter/receiver circuitry that is connected to an antenna, an intermediate frequency (IF) stage, and a baseband (BB) data processing stage. Data representative of the measure electromagnetic signals is output by the controllers and used for image processing.

A method for manufacturing a scanning antenna with a plurality of antenna units arrayed therein, the scanning antenna including a TFT substrate including a first dielectric substrate, a TFT, gate bus lines, source bus lines, and a plurality of patch electrodes, a slot substrate including a second dielectric substrate and a slot electrode including a plurality of slots disposed corresponding to the plurality of patch electrodes, a liquid crystal layer, and a reflective conductive plate, includes a step (a) of depositing a first conductive film containing copper on a first main surface of the second dielectric substrate, a step (b) of, after step (a), bringing the first conductive film into contact with an atmosphere to form an oxide film on a surface of the first conductive film, and a step (c) of, after step (b), depositing a second conductive film containing copper on the oxide film.

A method for manufacturing a scanning antenna with a plurality of antenna units arrayed therein, the scanning antenna including a TFT substrate including a first dielectric substrate, a TFT, gate bus lines, source bus lines, and a plurality of patch electrodes, a slot substrate including a second dielectric substrate and a slot electrode including a plurality of slots disposed corresponding to the plurality of patch electrodes, a liquid crystal layer, and a reflective conductive plate, includes a step (a) of depositing a first conductive film containing copper on a first main surface of the second dielectric substrate, a step (b) of, after step (a), bringing the first conductive film into contact with an atmosphere to form an oxide film on a surface of the first conductive film, and a step (c) of, after step (b), depositing a second conductive film containing copper on the oxide film.

An antenna apparatus for calibrating one or more of a plurality of antenna elements of an antenna array using one or more probes is disclosed. The apparatus includes an upconverter and/or downconverter (UDC) circuit and a calibration arrangement that includes a switching circuit. The switching circuit is configured to enable operation of the UDC in a first mode or in a second mode. When the UDC is in the first mode, the one or more probes are electrically disconnected from the UDC circuit and the UDC may be connected to at least one of the antenna elements. When the UDC is in the second mode, at least one of the one or more probes is connected to the UDC circuit.

An integrated fan-out (InFO) package includes a plurality of dies, an encapsulant, an insulating layer, a redistribution structure, a plurality of conductive structures, an antenna confinement structure, and a slot antenna. The encapsulant laterally encapsulates the dies. The insulating layer is disposed over the dies and the encapsulant. The redistribution structure is sandwiched between the insulating layer and the dies. The conductive structures and the antenna confinement structure are embedded in the insulating layer. The slot antenna is disposed on the insulating layer.