An electronic device includes housing including first plate, second plate, and side member, wherein side member includes first side face in first direction having first length, second side face having second length greater than first length, third side face extending parallel to first side face having first length, and fourth side face; touch screen display disposed within housing, and exposed through portion of first plate; a PCB between first plate and second plate to be parallel to second plate, wherein PCB includes ground plane and first L-shaped ground extension between first conductive region of second plate and first plate, and first L-shaped ground extension includes first portion extending in second direction from ground plane and second portion extending in first direction from first portion; and at least one first wireless communication circuit disposed on PCB and electrically connected to first point in second portion of first L-shaped ground extension.

An electronic device includes housing including first plate, second plate, and side member, wherein side member includes first side face in first direction having first length, second side face having second length greater than first length, third side face extending parallel to first side face having first length, and fourth side face; touch screen display disposed within housing, and exposed through portion of first plate; a PCB between first plate and second plate to be parallel to second plate, wherein PCB includes ground plane and first L-shaped ground extension between first conductive region of second plate and first plate, and first L-shaped ground extension includes first portion extending in second direction from ground plane and second portion extending in first direction from first portion; and at least one first wireless communication circuit disposed on PCB and electrically connected to first point in second portion of first L-shaped ground extension.

A slotted patch antenna includes a dielectric substrate, a radiation electrode which is provided on a major surface of the dielectric substrate, and a ground conductor which is disposed on a surface that is opposite to the major surface. The radiation electrode is formed with a slots having at least one of a meandering portion, a curve portion, or a folded portion. An external shape of the radiation electrode is a square, and totally two pairs of slots are formed inside the square, each of the slots being along respective sides of the square. Each of the slots is arranged so as to be line-symmetrical with respect to an axis of symmetry that is parallel with one of the sides of the square and passes through a center of the square, and to be point-symmetrical with respect to the center of the square.

A slotted patch antenna includes a dielectric substrate, a radiation electrode which is provided on a major surface of the dielectric substrate, and a ground conductor which is disposed on a surface that is opposite to the major surface. The radiation electrode is formed with a slots having at least one of a meandering portion, a curve portion, or a folded portion. An external shape of the radiation electrode is a square, and totally two pairs of slots are formed inside the square, each of the slots being along respective sides of the square. Each of the slots is arranged so as to be line-symmetrical with respect to an axis of symmetry that is parallel with one of the sides of the square and passes through a center of the square, and to be point-symmetrical with respect to the center of the square.

A low-loss feeding network comprises a vertical switching structure, a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW), a 2.sup.N-way power divider, coupling slots, matching metal vias and parallel-plane waveguides, wherein the energy provided by a standard waveguide is coupled to the SIW through the vertical switching structure, and the energy outputted by the SIW is evenly split into 2.sup.N parts by the 2.sup.N-way power divider; the energy of each way outputted by the 2.sup.N-way power divider is coupled to parallel-plane waveguides through the coupling slots and the matching metal vias, and the electric field at the junction of two adjacent parallel-plane waveguides is zero, so that an ideal virtual electric wall is formed, thus the structure of the feeding network is simplified, and the metal loss at the junction is reduced; finally, the energy provided by the low-loss feeding network is radiated in phase through the symmetrical slot antenna array.

A low-loss feeding network comprises a vertical switching structure, a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW), a 2.sup.N-way power divider, coupling slots, matching metal vias and parallel-plane waveguides, wherein the energy provided by a standard waveguide is coupled to the SIW through the vertical switching structure, and the energy outputted by the SIW is evenly split into 2.sup.N parts by the 2.sup.N-way power divider; the energy of each way outputted by the 2.sup.N-way power divider is coupled to parallel-plane waveguides through the coupling slots and the matching metal vias, and the electric field at the junction of two adjacent parallel-plane waveguides is zero, so that an ideal virtual electric wall is formed, thus the structure of the feeding network is simplified, and the metal loss at the junction is reduced; finally, the energy provided by the low-loss feeding network is radiated in phase through the symmetrical slot antenna array.

In one example, a slot antenna may include a ground plane defining a slot, an antenna cavity formed on the ground plane corresponding to the slot, an antenna printed circuit board (PCB) disposed on the antenna cavity, a first parasitic element and a second parasitic element disposed on the antenna PCB, and a feeding element formed on the second parasitic element. The feeding element may induce magnetic resonance and electric resonance for multiple frequency bands.

In one example, a slot antenna may include a ground plane defining a slot, an antenna cavity formed on the ground plane corresponding to the slot, an antenna printed circuit board (PCB) disposed on the antenna cavity, a first parasitic element and a second parasitic element disposed on the antenna PCB, and a feeding element formed on the second parasitic element. The feeding element may induce magnetic resonance and electric resonance for multiple frequency bands.

A method and apparatus for using Euclidean modulation in an antenna are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method for controlling an antenna comprises mapping a desired modulation to achievable modulation states, mapping modulation values associated with the achievable modulation states to one or more control parameters, and controlling radio frequency (RF) radiating antenna elements using the one or more control parameters to perform beam forming.

A wireless communication system includes a wireless sensor provided inside a metal housing; a receiver provided outside the metal housing to receive radio waves from the wireless sensor; and a passive repeater provided between the inside and the outside of the metal housing. The passive repeater includes a receiving antenna provided inside the metal housing and a transmitting antenna provided outside the metal housing. The receiving antenna of the passive repeater and the transmitting antenna of the passive repeater are electrically connected through a hole formed in the metal housing.