An illustrative example transmission device, which is useful for an automated vehicle, includes a substrate having a metal layer near one surface of the substrate and a waveguide area. The metal layer includes a slot that at least partially overlaps the waveguide area. A source of radiation includes a first radiation output situated on a first side of the slot and a second radiation output situated on a second, opposite side of the slot.

An illustrative example transmission device, which is useful for an automated vehicle, includes a substrate having a metal layer near one surface of the substrate and a waveguide area. The metal layer includes a slot that at least partially overlaps the waveguide area. A source of radiation includes a first radiation output situated on a first side of the slot and a second radiation output situated on a second, opposite side of the slot.

An antenna includes a substrate layer having a first surface and an opposite second surface, the second surface having a metallization layer; a conductive layer disposed on the first surface of the substrate layer; a slot formed in the conductive layer, the slot including a first part and a second part that are symmetric to each other about a diagonal of the conductive layer; and at least one feed point on the conductive layer and spaced from the slot by a predetermined distance.

An antenna structure includes a loop radiation element, a balance radiation element, a first additional radiation element, and a second additional radiation element. The loop radiation element has a first feeding point. The balance radiation element has a second feeding point. The balance radiation element is coupled to at least a first connection point on the loop radiation element. The balance radiation element is substantially surrounded by the loop radiation element. The first additional radiation element is coupled to a second connection point on the loop radiation element. The second additional radiation element is coupled to a third connection point on the loop radiation element. The loop radiation element is disposed between the first additional radiation element and the second additional radiation element.

An antenna structure includes a loop radiation element, a balance radiation element, a first additional radiation element, and a second additional radiation element. The loop radiation element has a first feeding point. The balance radiation element has a second feeding point. The balance radiation element is coupled to at least a first connection point on the loop radiation element. The balance radiation element is substantially surrounded by the loop radiation element. The first additional radiation element is coupled to a second connection point on the loop radiation element. The second additional radiation element is coupled to a third connection point on the loop radiation element. The loop radiation element is disposed between the first additional radiation element and the second additional radiation element.

A metasurface includes a dielectric material, a ground plane on a back side of the dielectric material; and at least one conductive element on a top surface of the dielectric material, wherein the at least one conductive element includes at least one of a ground-backed dipole or a slot array.

A method for a wireless communication device including configuring an antenna including antenna circuitry to receive or transmit wireless signals; feeding a radio frequency signal into the antenna circuitry; providing a housing comprising a plurality of edges, wherein the edges comprise a top edge, a bottom edge, and two side edges, wherein a first edge of the housing comprises a conductive strip, a first slot, and a second slot, and wherein the first edge is the top or bottom edge; providing an input/output port adjacent to the first edge of the housing; and locating the conductive strip, which comprises a portion of the antenna, entirely between the first slot and the second slot, wherein a length of each of the first slot and the second slot extends across the first edge of the housing and is oriented perpendicular to a major axis of the conductive strip.

A method for a wireless communication device including configuring an antenna including antenna circuitry to receive or transmit wireless signals; feeding a radio frequency signal into the antenna circuitry; providing a housing comprising a plurality of edges, wherein the edges comprise a top edge, a bottom edge, and two side edges, wherein a first edge of the housing comprises a conductive strip, a first slot, and a second slot, and wherein the first edge is the top or bottom edge; providing an input/output port adjacent to the first edge of the housing; and locating the conductive strip, which comprises a portion of the antenna, entirely between the first slot and the second slot, wherein a length of each of the first slot and the second slot extends across the first edge of the housing and is oriented perpendicular to a major axis of the conductive strip.

A measurement device (100) for measuring antenna characteristics of an antenna under test (150, AUT), the AUT having a radiating element (160), the measurement device (100) comprising an exterior surface (110), where a measurement aperture (120) is formed in the exterior surface, and a repetitive structure (130) is arranged on the exterior surface, the repetitive structure (130) comprising a plurality of protruding conductive elements (135) arranged to surround the measurement aperture (120) and to define a passage (140) into the measurement aperture (120), the repetitive structure (130) being configured to attenuate electromagnetic signal propagation in a frequency band past the repetitive structure (130) while allowing propagation via the passage (140).

An access system for a vehicle is provided. The access system includes antennas and an access module. The antennas are configured to each receive a signal transmitted from a portable access device to the vehicle. The signal is transmitted on a 2.4 gigahertz frequency. The access module is configured to: downconvert the received signal to generate an in-phase signal and a quadrature phase signal; perform carrier phase based ranging including implementing a music algorithm to (i) determine a distance between the portable access device and the vehicle, and (ii) determine angles of arrival of the received signal as received at the antennas; determine a location of the portable access device relative to the vehicle based on the distance and the angles of arrival; and permit access to the vehicle based on the location.