Apparatus and methods useful in surveying to provide information rich models. In particular, information not readily or possibly provided by conventional survey techniques can be provided. In some versions targets provide reference for baseline positioning or improving position information otherwise acquired. Scanning may be carried out in multiple locations and merged to form a single image. Machine mounted and hand mounted scanning apparatus is disclosed.

A reconfigurable metasurface sub reflector comprises an array of cell units. Each sub unit is formed of two sub-unit cells formed with at least two conducting layers separated by a dielectric substrate. One conducting layer has, in each of the sub-unit cells, two parallel strips connected by a varactor and the other conducting layer serves as a ground layer. Setting the reverse biasing for each of the varactors controls the azimuth and elevation of reflection from the reconfigurable metasurface sub reflector.

A reflector includes a substrate, a plurality of reflector structures arranged on or in the substrate and configured to reflect an incident electromagnetic wave. The reflector further includes an electronic circuit that is arranged at, on or in the substrate and configured to control an antenna when the antenna is connected to the electronic circuit.

A cloaking and/or deception system comprises: a structure having a plurality of resonators characterized by a controllable resonance frequency, wherein the resonators are arranged to collectively ensure that variation of the resonance frequency over a predetermined range of resonance frequencies generates a phase shift between the an electromagnetic wave incident on the structure and an electromagnetic wave scattered off the structure; and a controller configured for controlling the resonance frequency to provide a time-varying resonance frequency characterized by a temporal function which comprises a linear time-dependence.

A full-duplex 2×2 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna array is provided. An antenna reflector defining an x-y plane provides a plurality of antenna elements on the reflector. The linear polarization elements of the antenna elements are arrange in orthogonal polarizations for each transmit and receive pair. The elements are aligned in the same direction for half the orthogonal pair. A pair of elements are aligned along an axis to provide two coupled phase offset signals at a third element. The third element is collinear to the element of the first element defining a line of symmetry and parallel the direction of the element of the second element. The antenna array provides improved isolation between orthogonal ports and between transmit and receive ports by providing coupled signal cancelling between ports. This technique also increases boresight radiated pattern gain, as an additional benefit.

Disclosed is an antenna device for an electronic device including a first housing and a second housing rotatably coupled to the first housing about a hinge axis. The antenna device may include: a radiation conductor disposed in the first housing; and a reflection member disposed adjacent to the radiation conductor in the first housing. Radio waves transceived by the radiation conductor are radiated via the reflection member. Also disclosed is an electronic device including the antenna device. The antenna device and the electronic device including the same may be variously implemented according to embodiments.

An integrated base station antenna comprises a passive antenna and an active antenna installed behind the passive antenna. The active antenna comprises a reflecting plate and an array of radiating elements extending forward from the reflecting plate. The passive antenna includes an array of metal tuning elements that tune the array of radiating elements, where the array of metal tuning elements us positioned in front of the array of radiating elements of the active antenna, and where a longitudinal axis of at least some of the metal tuning elements extend at an angle between 70° and 110° with respect to a plane defined by the reflecting plate.

An inflatable RADAR signal device that is capable of rising above the surface of the water when deployed and that reflects RADAR emissions. The signal device is a self-contained, small, independent system that can withstand being present in a maritime environment, including being submerged in the water and/or being located on a vessel in the water, for an extended amount of time. The device includes a housing that houses one or more deflated balloons that are constructed of a material that, when inflated, rise above the level of the water and that reflect RADAR emissions. The device includes at least one gas cylinder for inflating the balloon(s), and a mechanism to trigger release of the balloon(s) from the housing including a mechanism to trigger release of the gas from the gas cylinder(s) to inflate the balloon(s).

An inflatable RADAR signal device that is capable of rising above the surface of the water when deployed and that reflects RADAR emissions. The signal device is a self-contained, small, independent system that can withstand being present in a maritime environment, including being submerged in the water and/or being located on a vessel in the water, for an extended amount of time. The device includes a housing that houses one or more deflated balloons that are constructed of a material that, when inflated, rise above the level of the water and that reflect RADAR emissions. The device includes at least one gas cylinder for inflating the balloon(s), and a mechanism to trigger release of the balloon(s) from the housing including a mechanism to trigger release of the gas from the gas cylinder(s) to inflate the balloon(s).

A vehicular antenna device comprises: a directional antenna having a plurality of unit antenna elements arranged in a predetermined direction and thereby having upward directionality; and a radio wave diffusion structure installed vertically above the directional antenna so as to reflect radiated radio waves, which are radiated upward from the directional antenna, in the lateral direction such that the same are diffused omnidirectionally. The vehicular antenna device is applicable to 5G mobile communication, the same has omnidirectionality that a vehicular antenna is required to have, and the antenna structure can be made compact and simple.