An example method performed by a wireless-power-transmitting device that includes an antenna array is provided. The method includes radiating electromagnetic waves that form a maximum power level at a first distance away from the antenna array. Moreover, a power level of the radiated electromagnetic waves decreases, relative to the maximum power level, by at least a predefined amount at a predefined radial distance away from the maximum power level. In some embodiments, the method also includes detecting a location of a wireless-power-receiving device, whereby the location of the wireless-power-receiving device is further from the antenna array than a location of the maximum power level.

An example method performed by a wireless-power-transmitting device that includes an antenna array is provided. The method includes radiating electromagnetic waves that form a maximum power level at a first distance away from the antenna array. Moreover, a power level of the radiated electromagnetic waves decreases, relative to the maximum power level, by at least a predefined amount at a predefined radial distance away from the maximum power level. In some embodiments, the method also includes detecting a location of a wireless-power-receiving device, whereby the location of the wireless-power-receiving device is further from the antenna array than a location of the maximum power level.

An antenna apparatus includes a ground pattern having a through-hole; an antenna pattern disposed above the ground pattern and configured to either one or both of transmit and receive a radio-frequency (RF) signal; a feed via penetrating through the through-hole and having one end electrically connected to the antenna pattern; and a meta member comprising a plurality of cells repeatedly arranged and spaced apart from each other, each of the plurality of cells comprising a plurality of conductive patterns, and at least one conductive via electrically connecting the plurality of conductive patterns to each other, wherein the meta member is disposed along at least portions of side boundaries of the antenna pattern above the ground pattern, and extends above the antenna pattern.

An antenna (100) includes a ground plate (110) and a radiating element (130) that has a shape expanding in a predetermined expansion direction and a self-similar shape with respect to an end portion (135) connected to a feeding line (151) that is a feeding portion. The radiating element (130) is arranged in a standing state relative to the end portion (135) so as to face the end portion (135) toward the ground plate (110). In addition, the radiating element (130) has a first radiating element portion (131) and a second radiating element portion (133) that are plane-symmetric to each other across a predetermined virtual symmetric plane (A1) along the expansion direction, and thereby forms a shape expanded in the expansion direction.

Antennas and methods for using the same are described. In one embodiment, the antenna comprises an aperture having a plurality of radio-frequency (RF) radiating antenna elements, the plurality of RF radiating antenna elements being grouped into three or more sets of RF radiating antenna elements, with each set being separately controlled to generate a beam at a frequency band in a first mode.

Antennas and methods for using the same are described. In one embodiment, the antenna comprises an aperture having a plurality of radio-frequency (RF) radiating antenna elements, the plurality of RF radiating antenna elements being grouped into three or more sets of RF radiating antenna elements, with each set being separately controlled to generate a beam at a frequency band in a first mode.

Antenna unit (16) comprising a flexible or bendable printed circuit board, PCB, (17), being divided into a number of sections (11), each section (11) being delimitated from another section (11) by a straight folding line (23). At least one section (11) accommodates an antenna element (10), and at least another adjacent section (11) is either accommodating an antenna element (10) having a terminal area (15) or is a terminal area (15). The antenna element is coupling to the terminal area (15) for feeding the antenna element (10), the adjacent sections (11) of the PCB being folded along the corresponding delimitating folding line (23) and being kept in or keeping a fixed position, such that the adjacent sections (11) are arranged at respective angles while each section (11) is maintaining a substantially plane configuration.

Antenna unit (16) comprising a flexible or bendable printed circuit board, PCB, (17), being divided into a number of sections (11), each section (11) being delimitated from another section (11) by a straight folding line (23). At least one section (11) accommodates an antenna element (10), and at least another adjacent section (11) is either accommodating an antenna element (10) having a terminal area (15) or is a terminal area (15). The antenna element is coupling to the terminal area (15) for feeding the antenna element (10), the adjacent sections (11) of the PCB being folded along the corresponding delimitating folding line (23) and being kept in or keeping a fixed position, such that the adjacent sections (11) are arranged at respective angles while each section (11) is maintaining a substantially plane configuration.

A vehicle antenna device includes a plurality of antennas in an accommodating space surrounded by a case and an antenna base, and has a height of 70 mm or less from an outer surface of a vehicle when attached to the outer surface of a vehicle. The vehicle antenna device includes a first substrate on which a first patch antenna is mounted, and a second substrate on which a second patch antenna is mounted. The first substrate is provided at a position higher than the second substrate.

A vehicle antenna device includes a plurality of antennas in an accommodating space surrounded by a case and an antenna base, and has a height of 70 mm or less from an outer surface of a vehicle when attached to the outer surface of a vehicle. The vehicle antenna device includes a first substrate on which a first patch antenna is mounted, and a second substrate on which a second patch antenna is mounted. The first substrate is provided at a position higher than the second substrate.