An internal laser component of an optical device comprises: a waveguide that defines a guided mode of a first optical wave characterized by a first propagation constant associated with a first effective refractive index. An optical antenna grating comprises: a waveguide that defines a guided mode of a second optical wave characterized by a second propagation constant associated with a second effective refractive index, and a grating structure configured to emit a portion of the second optical wave in a selected direction. The internal laser component and the optical antenna grating are configured to provide a relationship between the first effective refractive index and the second effective refractive index such that the selected direction is substantially insensitive to a change in a temperature of a thermal environment in which the internal laser component and the optical antenna grating are thermally coupled.

A structure can be provided for collimating light from a light source (e.g., vertical cavity surface emitting diodes). The structure can include at least one light source, a pit formed at an output of the at least one light source and a microbead formed in the pit. Microbeads can function as a lens to collimate light emitting from the at least one light source. The structure can provide by forming an array of VCSELs on a substrate, forming a pit in front of each VCSEL of the array of VCSELs, and assembling a microbead in each pit formed in front of each VCSEL. The microbeads can thereby function as lenses to collimate light emitted from the VCSELs.

A light source apparatus can avoid double-counting of particles in a flow cytometer for measuring and analyzing a plurality of particles flowing in a flow cell. A light source apparatus for a flow cytometer includes a semiconductor laser for emitting a laser beam, a collimating lens for collimating the laser beam emitted from the semiconductor laser in a spread light state, a first beam conversion unit composed of prisms and a second beam conversion unit composed of prisms for matching a flow cell length direction with a slow axis direction of the collimated laser beam in a flow cell after reducing the beam diameter in a fast axis direction and increasing the beam diameter in the slow axis direction, and a focusing lens for focusing the laser beam passed through these beam conversion units in the flow cell.

Focusing optics can include optical elements disposed and bonded in a linear arrangement (linear array) in at least two rows. A transparent bonding agent can secure alignment of the at least two rows of the optical elements. Scattering elements can also be disposed in the transparent polymer to cause light diffusion. Diffused or un-diffused light from a semiconductor laser array can then be caused to pass through the optical element and illuminate a target substrate such as an imaging member in a printing system.

A light emitting device includes: at least one semiconductor laser element; and a light-transmissive member including: an upper surface, a lower surface, and a light-transmissive region through which laser light emitted from the at least one semiconductor laser element is transmitted from the lower surface to the upper surface, wherein: at least the light-transmissive region is made of sapphire, the light-transmissive member includes an incident surface on which the laser light is incident, the incident surface being an a-plane of the sapphire, and the light-transmissive member is oriented such that a polarization direction of the laser light incident on the incident surface is parallel or perpendicular to a c-axis of the sapphire in a top view.

A laser system includes a resonant laser cavity configured to output a laser signal. The system also includes a utility waveguide configured to receive the laser signal from the laser cavity. The utility waveguide includes a perturbation region that is external to the laser cavity and receives the laser signal from the laser cavity and outputs a laser beam. The perturbation region includes one or more perturbation structures that each causes one or more perturbation(s) in the index of refraction of the utility waveguide. The perturbation structures are selected to provide optical feedback to the resonant laser cavity such that a power versus wavelength distribution in the laser beam is different from the power versus wavelength distribution that would be in the laser signal in the absence of the perturbation structures.

One illustrative backscattering generator disclosed herein includes a low-reflection waveguide structure, a slot waveguide structure comprising a first waveguide, a second waveguide and a slot located between the first waveguide and the second waveguide, and a variable direction coupler operatively coupled to the low-reflection waveguide structure and the slot waveguide structure.

Packaged light emitter module can provide improved safety features to facilitate sensing the presence of moisture or a mechanical defect such as a crack in a transmissive cover (22) that may result in a safety hazard caused by the emitted light (24) if the defect or other situation is not addressed in a timely manner. Different electrically conductive structures, such as different electrically conductive traces (20, 22), allow monitoring and detection of mechanical defects to be decoupled from monitoring and detection of problems arising from the presence of moisture. The decoupling can allow the respective configuration for each of the electrically conductive structures to be optimized for detection of particular situations that may lead to a safety hazard.

A semiconductor light-emitting device includes a first submount and a semiconductor light-emitting chip. The semiconductor light-emitting chip includes a first surface, a first optical waveguide extending in a first direction parallel to the first surface and disposed closer to the first surface than to a second surface, and an emission surface that emits emission light. The first submount includes a first base including a third surface, and a spacer disposed on the third surface. The semiconductor light-emitting chip is bonded to the first submount with the first surface facing the spacer. The emission surface is positioned forward of a front end surface of the spacer. A first front surface, which is the front end surface of the first base, is positioned forward of the emission surface.

A fixed input current is provided to a pump laser of an optical pumping block. Further, a first tuning temperature is provided to the pump laser while providing the fixed input current. The first tuning temperature is based on a target band of a pumping beam and causes the pump laser to generate a light beam having a first frequency band that is dictated by the first tuning temperature and the fixed input current. Further, a second tuning temperature is provided to a temperature dependent optical reflector configured to receive the light beam. The second tuning temperature is based on the target band of the pumping beam and causes the optical reflector to reflect light of the light beam that is within a second frequency band that corresponds to the target frequency band. The reflected light beam is emitted into a transmission optical medium configured to carry an optical signal.