An ion generating device (1) includes: a discharge electrode (21,22), protruding from a surface of the ion generating device, for generating ions by electric discharge, the discharge electrode having (i) a tip part (31) including a brush-like electrically conductive member and (ii) a base end part (33) to which the brush-like electrically conductive member is attached, and the base end part protruding from the surface of the ion generating device for a length (L2) that is longer than a length (L1) of the tip part.

An ion generating device (1) includes: a discharge electrode (21,22), protruding from a surface of the ion generating device, for generating ions by electric discharge, the discharge electrode having (i) a tip part (31) including a brush-like electrically conductive member and (ii) a base end part (33) to which the brush-like electrically conductive member is attached, and the base end part protruding from the surface of the ion generating device for a length (L2) that is longer than a length (L1) of the tip part.

In the field of voltage assemblies with a charge storage capability for use in high voltage direct current converters there is provided a corona shield. The corona shield includes a peripheral frame which is formed from one or more frame members and within which lies a frame aperture. The corona shield also includes a barrier member that is fixedly secured to the peripheral frame. The barrier member extends across and occludes the frame aperture to inhibit bodily ingress through the frame aperture.

In the field of voltage assemblies with a charge storage capability for use in high voltage direct current converters there is provided a corona shield. The corona shield includes a peripheral frame which is formed from one or more frame members and within which lies a frame aperture. The corona shield also includes a barrier member that is fixedly secured to the peripheral frame. The barrier member extends across and occludes the frame aperture to inhibit bodily ingress through the frame aperture.

An igniter assembly comprising an ignition coil assembly connected to a firing end assembly by an extension, with a valve assembly disposed in a pressure chamber of the extension, is provided. The valve assembly includes a valve stem biased toward the ignition coil assembly by a spring to seal the pressure chamber. The valve assembly is used to evacuate contents from the pressure chamber by pressing the valve stem toward the spring and allowing contents of the pressure chamber to travel through and past the valve stem and out of the pressure chamber. The valve assembly is also used to fill the pressure chamber with an insulating medium by pressing the valve stem toward the spring and allowing the insulating medium to travel through and past the valve stem and into the pressure chamber after evacuating the contents out of the pressure chamber.

Provided is a method of evaluating a semiconductor substrate, which evaluates quality of the semiconductor substrate by a photoluminescence measurement, wherein the evaluation by the photoluminescence measurement includes, after subjecting a surface of an evaluation-target semiconductor substrate to a pretreatment, irradiating the surface with excitation light, and then detecting emission obtained from the surface having been irradiated with the excitation light, and the pretreatment includes subjecting the surface of the evaluation-target semiconductor substrate to be irradiated with the excitation light to an oxide film formation treatment and charging the surface of the formed oxide film by corona discharge.

Provided is a method of evaluating a semiconductor substrate, which evaluates quality of the semiconductor substrate by a photoluminescence measurement, wherein the evaluation by the photoluminescence measurement includes, after subjecting a surface of an evaluation-target semiconductor substrate to a pretreatment, irradiating the surface with excitation light, and then detecting emission obtained from the surface having been irradiated with the excitation light, and the pretreatment includes subjecting the surface of the evaluation-target semiconductor substrate to be irradiated with the excitation light to an oxide film formation treatment and charging the surface of the formed oxide film by corona discharge.

A corona comprises a central electrode surrounded by an insulator, which is surrounded by a conductive component. The conductive component includes a shell and an intermediate part both formed of an electrically conductive material. The intermediate part is a layer of metal which brazes the insulator to the shell. An outer surface of the insulator presents a lower ledge, and the layer of metal can be applied to the insulator above the lower ledge prior to or after inserting the insulator into the shell. The conductive inner diameter is less than an insulator outer diameter directly below the lower ledge such the insulator thickness increases toward the electrode firing end. The insulator outer diameter is also typically less than the shell inner diameter so that the corona igniter can be forward-assembled.

A corona comprises a central electrode surrounded by an insulator, which is surrounded by a conductive component. The conductive component includes a shell and an intermediate part both formed of an electrically conductive material. The intermediate part is a layer of metal which brazes the insulator to the shell. An outer surface of the insulator presents a lower ledge, and the layer of metal can be applied to the insulator above the lower ledge prior to or after inserting the insulator into the shell. The conductive inner diameter is less than an insulator outer diameter directly below the lower ledge such the insulator thickness increases toward the electrode firing end. The insulator outer diameter is also typically less than the shell inner diameter so that the corona igniter can be forward-assembled.

A corona comprises a central electrode surrounded by an insulator, which is surrounded by a conductive component. The conductive component includes a shell and an intermediate part both formed of an electrically conductive material. The intermediate part is a layer of metal which brazes the insulator to the shell. An outer surface of the insulator presents a lower ledge, and the layer of metal can be applied to the insulator above the lower ledge prior to or after inserting the insulator into the shell. The conductive inner diameter is less than an insulator outer diameter directly below the lower ledge such the insulator thickness increases toward the electrode firing end. The insulator outer diameter is also typically less than the shell inner diameter so that the corona igniter can be forward-assembled.