A 3-phase group modular metering system, with a 3-phase four main cross bus A, B, C and N configuration is provided to distribute 3-phase four wire power to a single-phase three main cross bus A1, B1 and N1 configuration as single-phase three wire power. The system comprises a 3-phase main connection module, at least one or more single-phase in to single-phase out metering module stacks, a number of 3-phase metering module stacks ranging from as few as none to as many as a plurality and a connection joint. The connection joint is disposed between a last 3-phase module and the at least one or more single-phase in to single-phase out metering module stacks to derive the 3-phase four main cross bus A, B, C and N configuration into the single-phase three main cross bus of A1, B1 and N1 configuration. The connection joint distributes power in single-phase through the single-phase three main cross bus of A1, B1 and N1 configuration by deriving (A, B, N) or (A, C, N) or (B, C, N) combination of a 3-phase bus and forming single-phase connection interfaces.

A circuit breaker is for protecting a low-voltage circuit when current or current-time limits are exceeded in the low-voltage circuit. The circuit breaker includes an electronic trip unit which initiates an interruption or reduction of the current flow in the low-voltage circuit when first current or current-time limits are exceeded, and second current or current-time limits stored in the electronic trip unit, which are characterized by lower current limits or lower current-time limits, the second limits being activatable by an initiated switchover. A communication unit connected to the electronic trip unit is provided, which enables wireless communication, and the circuit breaker is designed such that when a wireless communication signal is received that exceeds a field strength value, the second limits are activated.

A circuit breaker is for protecting a low-voltage circuit when current or current-time limits are exceeded in the low-voltage circuit. The circuit breaker includes an electronic trip unit which initiates an interruption or reduction of the current flow in the low-voltage circuit when first current or current-time limits are exceeded, and second current or current-time limits stored in the electronic trip unit, which are characterized by lower current limits or lower current-time limits, the second limits being activatable by an initiated switchover. A communication unit connected to the electronic trip unit is provided, which enables wireless communication, and the circuit breaker is designed such that when a wireless communication signal is received that exceeds a field strength value, the second limits are activated.

A power supply control method and a portable electronic device using the same are provided. The power supply control method includes following steps: detecting an input voltage and an input current at a power input terminal of the portable electronic device; setting a plurality of detection loads sequentially to control a power adaptor to provide a detection current as the input current for the portable electronic device respectively; calculating an equivalent input impedance of the power input terminal according to the detection current and the corresponding input voltage; calculating an actual output voltage of the power adaptor according to the equivalent input impedance, the input voltage, and the input current; and setting a work load according to the actual output voltage to control the power adaptor to provide a work current as the input current for the portable electronic device.

A switch device (10) and method for generation of energy for operating the switch device (10), wherein the switch device (10) is provided with a drive unit (120) interacting with an actuation device operable by a user, and with a moving device (130) configured to be set in motion by the drive unit (120), and with an energy harvester (132, 140, 140a) for providing energy to the switch device (10) in dependence on a motion of the moving device (130), such that energy for commands or other operations is provided to the switch device (10). The moving device (130) is configured to be repeatedly repositioned in relation to a defined zero position, as long as it has kinetic energy, in order to provide kinetic energy which can be converted in electric energy by the energy harvester (132, 140, 140a). Such an electromechanical device for generating energy can ensure wireless operation of the switch device (10) without the need of batteries or any other kind of power supply.

The embodiments described herein provide systems and methods for determining the health status of a sensed switch. In general, the embodiments described herein determine a measure of a health status of the sensed switch by comparing a voltage on the sensed switch, ascertaining a first comparator state under one test condition and ascertaining a second comparator state under a second test condition. The first comparator state and the second comparator state are and then compared to determine the measure of the health status of the sensed switch.

Provided is a digital circuit (30) that comprises: a switching circuit (31) having first transistors (32, 33) supplied with power supply potentials (VDD, VSS); correcting circuits (34, 36) connected between an input terminal (IN) inputted with an input signal and control terminals (gates) of the first transistors; capacitors (C2, C3) connected between the control terminals and the input terminal; diode-connected second transistors (35, 37) that are provided between nodes (N5, N6) between the capacitors and the control terminals and the power supply potentials and have the substantially same threshold voltage as the first transistors; and switches (SW2, SW3) connected in series with the second transistors.

A functional module (200) comprises one or more monitoring-and-control units (138) configured to be connected to a communication module, and a segment of computer bus (204) connecting all of the monitoring-and-control units to the communication module. Each unit allow the connection to an electrical load and is controlled by the communication module. The functional module further comprises one or more input-output modules (206) each associated with a monitoring-and-control unit, to connect the segment of computer bus to a unit and to the electrical load connected to this unit, and to allow the exchange of data between this unit and the electrical load. The segment of computer bus comprises memory blocks, each memory block being configured to be associated with a unit and to store information relating to the type of the unit associated with the memory block and/or operating parameters of the unit associated with the memory block and/or information on the electrical load connected to said unit, as well as information regarding an input-output module.

An electronic circuit arrangement for use in an explosive area may include an electrical signal line, which connects an electrical input connector to an electrical output connector, and an electrical earth line, which can be or is electrically connected to the electrical signal line by at least one electrical earthing line. An inductive component and a semiconductor switch may be arranged in the at least one earthing line. The semiconductor switch may be switched between a closed state, in which the signal line is electrically connected via the at least one earthing line to the earth line, and an open state, in which this electrical connection is interrupted.

A device with “plug-in” receptacle that mounts in a breaker panel. The plug receptacle receives a power cord inserted by the operator. The device includes a multifunction circuit interrupt that offers overload, thermal, and ground fault (GFCI) protection for the operator in hazardous environments such as garages, shops and spider boxes at construction sites. The devices may include a networkable node or port and onboard comm circuitry that is compatible with a wired or wireless TOT network. In another embodiment, a dummy breaker body includes a plug receptacle with a GFCI interrupt circuit but no direct electrical connection to the hot bus bar, and is wired in series with a conventional circuit breaker module in a breaker panel. Using solid state electronics, the GFCI panel-mounted devices may be configured to perform an automatic fault test prior to each use. Network systems using smart breaker devices are described.