A control and protection circuit of a heater, a towel heating barrel and a control method thereof are provided in this disclosure. The control and protection circuit of the heater includes a power module, a power supply module, a control module, a temperature detection module and a heating module. The power module, the power supply module and the heating module are connected in series to supply power to the heating module, the control module is in signal connection with the power supply module to control on and off of the power supply module, and the temperature detection module in signal connection with the control module. The power supply module includes a high-temperature protection switch, a fuse and a relay. The control and protection circuit of the whole heater has three levels of protection, which can not only effectively provide high-temperature protection, but also ensure service life of the heater.

The disclosure relates to a protective device for an electronic component connected to an electrical interface, comprising: a detection device for detecting electrical voltage and/or electrical current at the electronic component; a monitoring device; an electronic switch connected in series with the electronic component for disconnecting the electronic component from the electrical interface in the event that an impermissibly high electrical voltage is applied at the electronic component, wherein at least double the nominal voltage is identified as an impermissibly high electrical voltage, wherein in the event that an impermissibly high electrical voltage is no longer detected at the electronic component, the electronic component can be connected to the interface by means of the electronic switch.

An under voltage protection circuit includes a secondary-side output module and a primary-side input module. The secondary-side output module includes: an under voltage determination unit, configured to compare a voltage of the secondary-side output module with a preset voltage, where a first control signal is outputted when the voltage is greater than or equal to the preset voltage; and a second control signal is outputted when the voltage is less than a preset voltage; and a pulse signal generation unit, configured to transmit a periodic first pulse signal according to the first control signal and a second pulse signal according to the second control signal, where a pulse width of the second pulse signal is greater than that of the first pulse signal. The primary-side input module is configured to determine a state of the secondary-side output module according to the first pulse signal and the second pulse signal.

The present disclosure a program burning device configured to read or write to a program burning interface. The program burning device includes a microprocessor, a programming drive circuit and an overcurrent protection circuit. The microprocessor outputs a first test signal or a second test signal. The programming drive circuit outputs a high driving voltage or a low driving voltage to the program burning interface. After the programming drive circuit outputs the low driving voltage for a preset time, the programming drive circuit outputs the high driving voltage to make the program burning interface form a high impedance. Afterwards, the overcurrent protection circuit receives the first test signal to trigger the overcurrent protection, and then receives the second test signal to trigger the undercurrent protection. If triggering the overcurrent protection and the undercurrent protection are continuously failed over a preset number of times, the microprocessor determines that current protection is failed.

A method for controlling an efuse circuit is provided. The method includes the following steps. A sample signal of a switch is provided. An error signal is generated according to the sample signal and a reference signal. The error signal is compared with a threshold. A voltage across a control node of the switch and an output node of the switch is clamped to a preset voltage value when the error signal is greater than the threshold.

An example transformer includes a controller that determines the currents on a power grid side of the transformer, as well as an inverter/load side of the transformer. The transformer may be of a delta-wye configuration. The controller compares the currents on the delta side of the transformer to the currents on the wye side of the transformer to determine whether the currents on either side are imbalanced. If the currents on the delta side are balanced, while the currents on the wye side are imbalanced, then the controller may determine that an open phase condition exists on the wye side of the transformer. Alternatively, if the currents on the delta side are imbalanced or if the currents on the delta side are balanced and the currents on the wye side are also balanced, then the controller determines that no open phase condition exists.

Systems and methods for providing current for a plurality of circuits are provided. Aspects include receiving, by a controller, a fault threshold for each circuit of the plurality of circuits, operating one or more switching circuits to output a current for each circuit of the plurality of circuits, wherein the one or more switching circuits are coupled to a constant current sources, and wherein the one or more switching circuits drive a plurality of current drive circuits, monitoring, by a fault determining circuit, a voltage across each circuit of the plurality of circuits, and determine a fault condition for a first circuit in the plurality of circuits based at least in part on the voltage across the first circuit exceeding the fault threshold for the first circuit.

A system topology may use intentional signal injection to monitor one or more power supply circuits that may supply electrical power to components of the system. The system topology may include voltage monitoring circuitry to monitor the output of the power supply. In some examples, a power supply rail fault may happen either inside or outside of the power supply circuit, but not be detectable by the voltage monitoring circuitry. Injecting a check signal in the presence of an actual fault, may cause oscillations at the output node of the power supply detectable by the voltage monitoring circuitry. Once the check signal, combined with the fault signal, at the output node reaches the monitoring threshold detectable by the voltage monitoring circuitry, the voltage monitoring circuitry may output an indication of the fault to processing circuitry of the system.

Systems and methods are described herein to accommodate different settings associated with a converter-based electric power generator and an inverter-based electric power generator for electric power generation within an electric power delivery system. The electric power delivery system may provide electric power generated by a bulk electric system to the loads via distributed substations using a first operating frequency. Moreover, the distributed substations may include inverter-based electric power generators to supply the electric power demand of downstream loads in an islanded configuration. That said, the inverter-based electric power generators may supply the electric power using a second frequency that is higher than the first frequency. Protective systems, positioned downstream from the distributed substations, may use different settings associated with the bulk electric system or the inverter-based electric power generators based on detecting the frequency of the supplied electric power.

A system includes a number of sensor units and a local controls station. The sensor units include one or more conductor sensors configured to monitor one or more parameters of a conductor in a power distribution system. The local control station includes a communication interface for communicating with the sensor units and a controller. The controller is configured to receive data from the sensing units, determine whether an event associated with one or more components of a power distribution network occurred based on the received data, and then determine whether the event requires protective action in response to determining that the event occurred. The controller determines whether the event occurred downstream of the local control station, and, in response to determining that the event requires protective action and occurred downstream of the local control station, control the one or more protective devices to perform a protective action.