A surge protection system includes a receptacle body, at least one power output jack, a power obtaining device, at least one surge protection module, a microcontroller unit, and a surge detection circuit. The at least one surge protection module includes a housing, a memory element, and a surge protection circuit that includes a surge absorption element and a thermal fuse connected in series and parallel. The surge absorption element absorbs a surge inputted from an external power supply, and the memory element records a number of surges carried by the surge absorption element. When the surge enters the surge protection system from the external power supply, the surge absorption element absorbs the surge, and the surge detection circuit outputs a signal to the microcontroller unit that writes the number of surges carried by the surge absorption element into the memory element.

Communication enabled circuit breakers are described. Methods associated with such communication enabled circuit breakers are also described. The communication enabled circuit breakers may include one or more current sensors. The one or more current sensors may be disposed in a clip. The clip may be coupled to a line side phase connection, and the clip may be shielded to attenuate signals.

Systems, methods, and computer-readable media are disclosed for autonomous restoration of power systems after natural disasters. An operating mode of a circuit breaker that is in a power system grid and that is coupled to other circuit breakers in the power system grid via communication channels is determined. Based on determining that the operating mode is a normal operating mode, data to parameterize a plurality of power grid restoration scenarios is collected at the circuit breaker. Based on determining that the operating mode is an exception mode, measurement data that includes current and voltage data is received at the circuit breaker, and one of the power system grid restoration scenarios is initiated at the circuit breaker. The power system grid error restoration scenario is selected based at least in part on a status of the plurality of communication channels coupled to the circuit breaker and on the measurement data.

Electrical system and method for detecting an end-of-life (EOL) of a circuit are disclosed. In an embodiment, the electrical system includes a sensing circuit for detecting variance of an input electrical power to an electrical device; and a processor for receiving the variance and comparing the variance with a threshold range. When the variance is out of the threshold range, the processor generates a signal to cause the output electrical power disconnected.

The present disclosure provides a system-level protection system and method for sub/super-synchronous resonance/oscillation. The system includes a centralized protection coordinator arranged in a control center and a plurality of distributed protection relays arranged in a plurality of transformer substations or wind farms. Each distributed protection relay is configured to acquire a sub/super-synchronous impedance of the wind farm. The centralized protection coordinator is configured to acquire the sub/super-synchronous impedances measured by the plurality of distributed protection relays, to obtain a sub/super-synchronous aggregate impedance of the system according to a preset circuit topology and the sub/super-synchronous impedances, and to generate a system-level protection signal when the sub/super-synchronous aggregate impedance does not meet a stable condition. Each distributed protection relay is further configured to initiate a system-level protection according to the system-level protection signal.

Wireless communication enabled circuit breakers are described. Methods associated with such wireless communication enabled circuit breakers are also described. The wireless communication enabled circuit breakers may controlled by a remote entity. The remote entity may wirelessly case the wireless communication enabled circuit breakers to trip.

Systems and methods to estimate trapped charge for a controlled automatic reclose are described herein. For example, an intelligent electronic device (IED) may calculate an analog amount of trapped charge of each phase of a power line based on voltage measurements of the power line. The IED may close a switching device of each phase at a time corresponding to a point-on-wave associated with the analog amount of trapped charge of the respective phase.

A system and method for protecting an electric power distribution system integrated with a hybrid machine-learning model includes a plurality of field protection systems, a plurality of electrical switching circuits, and a local area network. Data from each of the plurality of field protection systems that is connected to the electrical switching circuits that are configured for protecting the electric power distribution system, is transmitted to the cloud. The received data is processed to identify a change in patterns and compute an error related to the HMLM in comparison with the processed data. The HMLM that is implemented in the plurality of FPS is calibrated to minimize the error and send updates to develop a new decision making firmware thereby to control actuation of the plurality of the electrical switching circuits.

A method of monitoring electrical faults includes processing features of signals output by sensors of a circuit breaker about electrical properties of a circuit coupled with a load and transitioning between states of operation based on the processed features. The states include a normal state, a fault state, and a trip state, wherein the state remains in the normal state until the processed features no longer satisfy normal criteria, after which the state transitions to the fault state, wherein the state transitions back to the normal state when a trip condition is not satisfied, and transitions from the fault state to the trip state when the trip condition is satisfied. The method further includes detecting a warning event when the state transitions from the normal state to the fault state and back to the normal state and outputting a warning event notification upon detection of the warning event.

An asset protection, monitoring, or control device is operative to execute a decision-making logic to process inputs and generate a decision-making logic output that comprises one or more time series, process the decision-making logic output using a machine learning model, and cause an action to be performed responsive to a machine learning model output.