An Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) protection circuit includes a first discharge path and a second discharge path. The first discharge path is located between a first potential terminal and a second potential terminal. The second discharge path is located between the first potential terminal and the second potential terminal, and is connected to the first discharge path in parallel. The first discharge path and the second discharge path are used for discharging electrostatic charges. At least one of the first discharge path and the second discharge path includes a Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR).

According to one aspect of the present disclosure, an energy storage system includes one or more power sources, one or more energy storage components, and one or more solid state circuit breakers disposed between the one or more power sources and the one or more energy storage components such that electrical power is exchanged between the one or more power sources to the one or more energy storage components through the one or more solid state circuit breakers. The energy storage system also includes a controller configured to operate the one or more solid state circuit breakers to control current exchanged with the one or more energy storage components and protect the one or more energy storage components from the one or more power sources during a fault condition.

An electrical wiring device including: a plurality of line terminals comprising a line-side phase terminal and a line-side neutral terminal; a plurality of load terminals comprising a load-side phase terminal and a load-side neutral terminal; a line conductor electrically coupling the line-side phase terminal to the load-side phase terminal; a neutral conductor electrically coupling the line-side neutral terminal to the load-side neutral terminal; and a controller configured to trigger a trip mechanism to electrically decouple the at least one of the plurality of line terminals from at least one of the plurality of load terminals based, at least in part, on comparing a magnitude of the current differential to a threshold, wherein the threshold is a function of the frequency of the current differential.

A progressive protection method automatically adapts a protection trip delay or fault timeout for a motor that is a member of a group of motors performing mutually similar or related tasks, based on the occurrence of a fault in another motor within the group, without requiring manual intervention. If the user requires stringent protection of the motors in a particular application, then the trip delay time for all of the motors in the group, may be shortened in response to recently-detected similar trips of other motors within the group. Alternatively, if the user prefers continuity of service for a particular application, then the trip delay time for all of the motors in the group, may be increased in response to recently-detected similar trips of other motors within the group, based on past experience with the occurrence of fault self-clearing for the motors in the group.

A progressive protection method automatically adapts a protection trip delay or fault timeout for a motor that is a member of a group of motors performing mutually similar or related tasks, based on the occurrence of a fault in another motor within the group, without requiring manual intervention. If the user requires stringent protection of the motors in a particular application, then the trip delay time for all of the motors in the group, may be shortened in response to recently-detected similar trips of other motors within the group. Alternatively, if the user prefers continuity of service for a particular application, then the trip delay time for all of the motors in the group, may be increased in response to recently-detected similar trips of other motors within the group, based on past experience with the occurrence of fault self-clearing for the motors in the group.

A relay with an intermediate alert mechanism and a method for producing an intermediate alert in association with a relay. The relay comprises an input sampling module configured to detect a parameter of a source to be monitored; a processing module configured to determine a working range based on a threshold level and a working condition, and the processing module further configured to automatically determine at least one intermediate level within the working range based on the threshold level. The processing module causes the transmission of an intermediate trigger signal when the detected value of the parameter reaches the intermediate level.

A method and apparatus for suppressing the impact of a compensator on line distance protection is provided, wherein the method comprises: obtaining a first current of a line connected to a compensator or series converters in the compensator, and a first voltage of a bus connected to the compensator or the line connected to the compensator; exiting the series converters and series transformers if the first current is greater than a preset current threshold and a duration is greater than a first preset time threshold; exiting the series converters and the series transformers if the first voltage is less than or equal to a preset voltage threshold and duration is greater than a second preset time threshold set the output voltage of the series converters to zero, and if a second current of an element corresponding to the first current meets conditions which the first current needs to meet; and otherwise, canceling the setting of the output voltage of the series converters to zero and obtaining a first current if a second voltage of the line corresponding to the first voltage is greater than the preset voltage threshold and the duration is greater than a third preset time threshold.

An indication of a type of circuit breaker through which a powered device is connected to a power source is received at a processor. A signal from a sensor indicating a level of power flow from the power source to the powered device is received at the processor. The power flow to the powered device is altered by the processor based upon the received signal and the type of circuit breaker such that the power flow does not cause the circuit breaker to interrupt the power flow to the powered device.

An electrical power distribution system includes a plurality of circuit protection devices coupled between an electrical power source and a plurality of electrical loads. Each circuit protection device includes a trip unit, a network interface communicatively coupled to a communication network including the circuit protection devices, a processor, and a memory. The memory stores instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to store test operational parameters associated with the circuit protection device, receive a test message including test data representing an electrical condition in the electrical power distribution system, adjust the test operational parameters based on the test data to simulate a response of the trip unit to the electrical condition, generate circuit protection data based on the test data and the adjusted set of test operational parameters, and transmit the circuit protection data to at least one of the communication network and a remote access device.

A method for detecting a fault in a battery charger circuit of a vehicle includes determining, based on at least one expected voltage value of an incoming alternating current source, a first threshold. The method also includes measuring at least one line voltage value associated with the incoming alternating current source that provides power to the battery charger circuit. The method also includes determining whether the measured at least one line voltage value is greater than the first threshold. The method also includes in response to a determination that the measured at least one line voltage value is greater than the first threshold, disconnecting the battery charger circuit from and/or preventing the battery charger circuit from connecting to the incoming alternating current source after a first predetermined period.