According to an embodiment, a surge protector includes a capacitor, a switch, and a first transistor. The capacitor charges based on an input power to the surge protector. The switch turns on when the capacitor is charged to a charge threshold. The surge protector outputs the input power when the switch is turned on. The first transistor turns on when a voltage of the input power exceeds a first input voltage threshold such that the capacitor discharges to below the charge threshold and such that the switch turns off. The surge protector stops outputting the input power when the switch is turned off.

An input sensor short-circuit inspection method including: setting an inspection frequency for detecting a short-circuit of an input sensor comprising a plurality of electrodes; driving the input sensor in an inspection mode at the set inspection frequency; and detecting the short-circuit of the input sensor based on a capacitance charged between adjacent electrodes among the plurality of electrodes of the input sensor in the inspection mode.

An input sensor short-circuit inspection method including: setting an inspection frequency for detecting a short-circuit of an input sensor comprising a plurality of electrodes; driving the input sensor in an inspection mode at the set inspection frequency; and detecting the short-circuit of the input sensor based on a capacitance charged between adjacent electrodes among the plurality of electrodes of the input sensor in the inspection mode.

An electrical supply holding circuit includes a primary stage and a secondary stage. The primary stage includes a voltage connector connected to a supply network, and a primary winding connected to a voltage converter. The secondary stage includes a secondary winding facing the primary winding, the primary and secondary windings forming two coupled inductances, and a voltage controller to which the secondary winding is connected, the voltage controller being connected to a load and controlling a voltage across the terminals of the load. Directions of the currents flowing through the primary and secondary windings are the reverse of one another, and the voltage converter stops the supply to the primary winding when the supply voltage is less than a threshold voltage and resumes the supply to the primary winding when the supply voltage is greater than a threshold voltage.

An electrical supply holding circuit includes a primary stage and a secondary stage. The primary stage includes a voltage connector connected to a supply network, and a primary winding connected to a voltage converter. The secondary stage includes a secondary winding facing the primary winding, the primary and secondary windings forming two coupled inductances, and a voltage controller to which the secondary winding is connected, the voltage controller being connected to a load and controlling a voltage across the terminals of the load. Directions of the currents flowing through the primary and secondary windings are the reverse of one another, and the voltage converter stops the supply to the primary winding when the supply voltage is less than a threshold voltage and resumes the supply to the primary winding when the supply voltage is greater than a threshold voltage.

The current regulation system, providing fine dimming control, has an under-voltage circuit, an over-temperature control circuit, and sometimes a variable resistor (VR) control circuit. The under-voltage and over-temperature controls (first and second control signals) pass through voltage limiters such that the lowest level voltage control signal is applied to the voltage reference signal IREF input of LED IC driver. IC driver has a voltage reference input IREF which controls an IC output current for an LED load demand. The VR control generates a third control signal at the junction to reduce the voltage reference signal under control of the VR. The lowest level control signal dims the LED lamps. Since low level voltage control signals are used, a low voltage turn OFF circuit applies an IC disablement signal to the LED IC driver input control based upon sensing a very low voltage at the junction.

A powered surgical stapling assembly comprising a motor, an end effector, a sensor, a display, and a control circuit is disclosed. The end effector comprises a first jaw and a second jaw movable relative to the first jaw. The end effector is configured to clamp tissue between the first jaw and the second jaw. The sensor is configured to measure a parameter of the tissue clamped within the end effector. The control circuit is configured to monitor the parameter sensed by the sensor and identify when the monitored parameter stabilizes within a stabilization range. The monitored parameter is considered stable when a rate at which the monitored parameter changes falls below a predetermine threshold rate of change. The control circuit is further configured to display to a user when the parameter stabilizes.

A disconnecting device for a power supply network of a motor vehicle is provided. The power supply network has a first sub-network and a second sub-network. The disconnecting device includes a switching element for switchably coupling the first sub-network to the second sub-network. The disconnecting device also includes a control unit, which is configured to control at least one state variable of the power supply network by actuating the switching element.

A disconnecting device for a power supply network of a motor vehicle is provided. The power supply network has a first sub-network and a second sub-network. The disconnecting device includes a switching element for switchably coupling the first sub-network to the second sub-network. The disconnecting device also includes a control unit, which is configured to control at least one state variable of the power supply network by actuating the switching element.

A process bus-applied protection system includes a process bus, a plurality of MUs (merging units), and a plurality of IEDs (intelligent electric devices). Each of the MUs is configured to sample a current and a voltage of a power system at timing synchronized with a time synchronization signal received through the process bus. Each of the IEDs is configured to be capable of outputting the time synchronization signal to the process bus by serving as a transmission source, and receiving, through the process bus, the time synchronization signal from another IED. The plurality of IEDs have a predetermined priority. Each of the IEDs is configured, when the IED does not receive the time synchronization signal from an IED having a higher priority than that of the IED and serving as a transmission source, to output the time synchronization signal to the process bus by serving as a transmission source.