A system including a power bus configured to supply power to a plurality of server racks arranged within a space of a building, a first power source connection positioned at a first side of the building and configured to supply power from a first power source to the power bus, a second power source positioned at a second side of the building different from the first side and configured to supply power from a second power source to the power bus, and a plurality of diverter switches arranged within the power bus. Each diverter switch may be configured to receive a respective control signal and, responsive to the respective control signal, redirect power within the power bus.

A plant for melting and/or heating metal material includes a furnace, electrical energy feed means and an electric power apparatus connected between the feed means and the furnace; and a corresponding method to power the melting and/or heating plant.

The invention relates to a two-way electrical power distribution network including: a high electrical power distribution bus; medium voltage electrical power feed lines; low voltage distribution lines, wherein the low voltage distribution lines are connected to load(s) and/or source(s); and, medium voltage electrical power regulating apparatus including: a DC contactor having DC terminals; a transmission network connector connected to the medium voltage electrical power feed line including: live terminal(s) connected to live connection(s) and a neutral terminal connected to a neutral of the medium voltage electrical power feed line; switches connected to the DC contactor; and electronic controlling devices coupled to the switches and control the switches to independently regulate electrical power on each of the live connection and the neutral connection of the medium voltage electrical power feed line to thereby maintain a voltage in the electrical power distribution bus during different load and source conditions.

A power converter including a three-input direct current converter capable of performing maximum power point tracking on three power inputs, a step down converter capable of voltage step down of the three power inputs, a bus capacitor and a balance circuit utilizing switches and transformers utilized to balance voltages of the bus capacitor, a three-level inverter capable of creating alternating current voltages for the alternating current grid, an output filter electrically coupled to the three-level inverter, a contactor capable of disconnecting the bus capacitor and the balance circuit from the alternating current grid, and a parameter sensor and a field programmable gate array controller electrically coupled to the power converter, capable of controlling a plurality of power switches based on at least one sensed parameters.

An automatic isolation switch (AIS) system is provided for controlling a supply of electrical power to a load. The system includes a switch and a controller. The switch is connected between a first power system and the load and between the first power system and a second power system. The first power system includes a grid, and the second power system includes a power source and an inverter coupled to the power source. The controller is configured to detect an adverse power condition on the first power system for supplying electrical power to the load; to isolate, via at least one switch, the first power system from the load and the second power system, in response to the detecting of the adverse power condition; and to activate the inverter of the second power system to supply electrical power from the second power system to the load.

A system of interconnecting trainers is provided. The trainers may share power and/or exchange control signals, resulting in reduction in weight/size and increase in portability. Some of the trainers may include a rechargeable battery to allow the trainers to operate without being connected to an AC outlet. A power source selector switch may select an external AC power source or the internal battery to be used by the trainer. Some the trainers may include one or more DC and/or AC signal distribution relays that may receive control signals from student designed circuits or controllers and may provide DC and/or AC signals to other trainers. Some of the trainers may include built-in devices such as oscilloscopes, signal generators with displays, multimeters, and pneumatic devices.

Some embodiments include electric power demand stabilization methods and systems that may include measuring the power draw of a plurality of controllable devices; determining a rolling average power draw for the plurality of controllable devices over a period of time; measuring an instantaneous power draw of the plurality of controllable devices; and calculating a power budget comprising the difference between the instantaneous power draw and the rolling average power draw. In the event the power budget is positive, increasing power to at least a first subset of the plurality of controllable devices. In the event the power budget is negative, decreasing power to at least a second subset of the plurality of controllable devices.

Systems and apparatuses are provided in which outlets are coupled to a power distribution unit (PDU) or PDU module in various configurations. The outlets may be coupled to a recessed surface within a PDU housing. The outlets and recessed surface may be formed as part of a single mold. The outlets may be coupled to a printed circuit board that is at least partially disposed within the PDU housing. The outlets may extend away from the recessed surface or printed circuit board towards or beyond a front face of the PDU housing.

A system includes a central controller for determining at least one parameter for a load connector of a load. The system also includes a central transceiver for transmitting a signal relating to the least one parameter of the load connector. The load connector comprises input terminals for connecting to power lines of a power distribution network, output terminals for connecting to the load, a switch for connecting/disconnecting the input terminals to/from the output terminals, a connector transceiver for receiving the signal, a voltage sensor for measuring a voltage across the input terminals, and a connector controller. The connector controller may determine a voltage disconnect threshold for the load connector based on the at least one parameter. The connector controller may control the switch to connect the output terminals to the input terminals based on a voltage measurement and the voltage disconnect threshold.

A power trading management apparatus receives power supply application data including the amount of supplied power and a supply period from a supply-side computer, and receives power demand application data including the amount of requested power and a request period from a demand-side computer, determines whether or not a first trading condition in which the supply period is a period earlier than the request period is satisfied, decides the amount of transmitted power for a power demand apparatus based on an amount of power of the amount of supplied power or the amount of requested power when the first trading condition is satisfied, and stores the amount of supplied power in a power storage and discharge apparatus from a power supply apparatus in the supply period and discharges the amount of transmitted power decided by the decision processing to the power demand apparatus from the power storage and discharge apparatus.