Demand response methodologies for primary frequency response (PFR) for under or over frequency events. Aspects of the present disclosure include methods for controlling a fleet of distributed energy resources equipped for PFR and quantifying in real time an amount of primary frequency control capacity available in the fleet. In some examples, the DERs may be configured to consume and discharge electrical energy in discrete energy packets and be equipped with a frequency response local control law that causes each DER to independently and instantaneously interrupt an energy packet in response to local frequency measurements indicating a grid disturbance event has occurred.

A server that manages energy of a power grid by using a plurality of energy storage resources includes a loss obtaining unit and a selector. The loss obtaining unit obtains for each of the plurality of energy storage resources, energy loss including retention loss and input and output loss, the energy loss being caused in storing energy in each energy storage resource. When surplus electric power occurs in the power grid, the selector selects at least one energy storage resource for storing surplus electric power from among the plurality of energy storage resources based on the energy loss caused in storing surplus electric power.

A server that manages energy of a power grid by using a plurality of energy storage resources includes a loss obtaining unit and a selector. The loss obtaining unit obtains for each of the plurality of energy storage resources, energy loss including retention loss and input and output loss, the energy loss being caused in storing energy in each energy storage resource. When surplus electric power occurs in the power grid, the selector selects at least one energy storage resource for storing surplus electric power from among the plurality of energy storage resources based on the energy loss caused in storing surplus electric power.

An energy offloading system is in direct electric communication with an energy supply and dynamically receives energy from the energy supply. The energy offloading system uses energy for high-load computations. The energy offloading system includes computers performing the high-load computations as well as servers, cooling units, and communication devices. When the energy from the energy supply is terminated, the energy offloading system may power down these and other devices, or may switch these devices to an alternative power source. The energy offloading system may be portable.

An energy offloading system is in direct electric communication with an energy supply and dynamically receives energy from the energy supply. The energy offloading system uses energy for high-load computations. The energy offloading system includes computers performing the high-load computations as well as servers, cooling units, and communication devices. When the energy from the energy supply is terminated, the energy offloading system may power down these and other devices, or may switch these devices to an alternative power source. The energy offloading system may be portable.

A method for controlling an electrical power which flows into or out of an electrical subnetwork via a connection point is disclosed. The subnetwork has at least one electrical load, and the electrical load is connected to a control device via a communication connection, the electrical power flowing via the connection point is measured and a maximum power consumption of the electrical load is set by means of the control device on the basis of the electrical power flowing via the connection point. A device for connecting a multiphase subnetwork, which has an energy production installation and an energy store, to a superordinate multiphase alternating voltage network is configured to transmit electrical power between the alternating voltage network and the subnetwork and comprises an AC/AC converter having a network connection, two inverter bridge circuits with an interposed intermediate circuit and a subnetwork connection. The device also comprises a control device which is configured to set the electrical powers flowing via the individual phases of the subnetwork connection on the basis of power values of the energy production installation and/or of the energy store by suitably controlling the inverter bridge circuits of the AC/AC converter.

A method for controlling an electrical power which flows into or out of an electrical subnetwork via a connection point is disclosed. The subnetwork has at least one electrical load, and the electrical load is connected to a control device via a communication connection, the electrical power flowing via the connection point is measured and a maximum power consumption of the electrical load is set by means of the control device on the basis of the electrical power flowing via the connection point. A device for connecting a multiphase subnetwork, which has an energy production installation and an energy store, to a superordinate multiphase alternating voltage network is configured to transmit electrical power between the alternating voltage network and the subnetwork and comprises an AC/AC converter having a network connection, two inverter bridge circuits with an interposed intermediate circuit and a subnetwork connection. The device also comprises a control device which is configured to set the electrical powers flowing via the individual phases of the subnetwork connection on the basis of power values of the energy production installation and/or of the energy store by suitably controlling the inverter bridge circuits of the AC/AC converter.

An optimal dispatching method and system for a wind power generation and energy storage combined system are provided. Uncertainty of a wind turbine output is characterized based on spatio-temporal coupling of the wind turbine output and an interval uncertainty set. Compared with a traditional symmetric interval uncertainty set, the uncertainty set that considers spatio-temporal effects effectively excludes some extreme scenarios with a very small probability of occurrence and reduces conservativeness of a model. A two-stage robust optimal dispatching model for the wind power generation and energy storage combined system is constructed, and a linearization technology and a nested column-and-constraint generation (C&CG) strategy are used to efficiently solve the model.

The present disclosure provides systems and methods for an operation of an electric power plant comprising a renewable energy resource and an energy storage device. The method may comprise determining, at a first time, a forecast of predicted energy production by the electric power plant over a time period subsequent to the first time based on a forecast for the time period; detecting a current state of charge of the energy storage device; calculating a range of automatic generation controls the electric power plant is capable of satisfying for the time period based on the forecast of predicted energy production and the detected current state of charge of the energy storage device; and signaling, from the electric power plant to a central utility controlling a power grid, the range of automatic generation controls the electric power plant is capable of satisfying for the time period.

The present disclosure provides systems and methods for an operation of an electric power plant comprising a renewable energy resource and an energy storage device. The method may comprise determining, at a first time, a forecast of predicted energy production by the electric power plant over a time period subsequent to the first time based on a forecast for the time period; detecting a current state of charge of the energy storage device; calculating a range of automatic generation controls the electric power plant is capable of satisfying for the time period based on the forecast of predicted energy production and the detected current state of charge of the energy storage device; and signaling, from the electric power plant to a central utility controlling a power grid, the range of automatic generation controls the electric power plant is capable of satisfying for the time period.